About the Series  vii

Illustrations  ix

Abbreviations  xi

Acknowledgments  xiii

Introduction  3

I. The Context  

1. Communities, Culture, and Traditions of Opposition  11

II. Emergences, 1930–1934  

2. Disrupting the Calm: The Communist Party in Baltimore, 1930–1933  45

3. The City-Wide Young People's Forum, 1931–1933  69

4. Garment Workers, Socialists, and the People's Unemployment League, 1932–1934  92

III. Transitions, 1933–1936  

5. The Lynching of George Armwood, 1933  119

6. Buy Where You Can Work, 1933–1934  140

7. The Baltimore Soviet, the ACW, and the PUL, 1933–1935  163

8. Seeking Directions, 1934–1936  187

IV. Risings, 1936–1941  

9. The CIO and the First Wave, 1936–1937  215

10. The CIO, the AFL, and the Baltimore Workers' Movement: The Second Wave, 1938–1941  245

11. The New Baltimore NAACP and the Metropolitan Region, 1936–1941  269

12. The New Baltimore NAACP and the State and the Country, 1936–1941  290

Epilogue  313

Notes  319

Bibliography  353

Index  365

“Academics and advanced students will benefit from the detailed approach based on extensive newspaper, oral history, and archival research…Recommended.” —C.K. Piehl, Choice

"The arguments persuasively advanced in A New Deal for All? will be of particular interest to historians of the “long civil rights movement,” trade union development, and radical politics."—Roger Biles, Journal of American History

“Academics and advanced students will benefit from the detailed approach based on extensive newspaper, oral history, and archival research…Recommended.” —C.K. Piehl, Choice

"The arguments persuasively advanced in A New Deal for All? will be of particular interest to historians of the “long civil rights movement,” trade union development, and radical politics."—Roger Biles, Journal of American History

"Andor Skotnes' argument—that the labor and freedom movements in Baltimore were connected in interesting and complex ways during the critical period under discussion—is intellectually sound and quite innovative. Well researched and cogently argued, A New Deal for All? details and analyzes the political relationships between these two movements with enormous skill. Skotnes demonstrates that it was the most radical elements of the workers' movement who pressed a principled antiracist agenda, thereby creating a wedge into the pervasive racism of the time."—Linda Shopes, coeditor of The Baltimore Book: New Views of Local History

"In this creative account, Andor Skotnes convincingly places Baltimore in the 'long civil rights movement' as he deftly unravels the complex connections between race and class in an urban setting. His original use of oral history enriches his narrative and enhances our understanding of the compelling struggles for freedom and justice in the 1930s."—Jo Ann E. Argersinger, author of Making the Amalgamated: Gender, Ethnicity, and Class in the Baltimore Clothing Industry, 1899–1939

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