Acknowledgments  xv

General Introduction: Readings in Imperialism and Orientalism  xvii

Volume Introduction: The Scramble for Africa  1

I. The Berlin Conference 1885: Making/ Mapping History  

Introduction: The Scramble for Africa: From the Conference at Berlin to the Incident at Fashoda  13

Chronology of Events  16

Africa in 1886: The Scramble Half Complete [map]  17

Africa after the Scramble, 1912 [map]  18

Africa 1898, with Charter Companies [map]  19

Joseph Conrad, Excerpts from Heart of Darkness (1898/99)  20

G. W. F. Hegel, "Africa" (1822)  21

General Act of the Conference of Berlin (1885)  28

"The Black Baby" (1894) [illustration]  29

Arthur Berriedale Keith, "International Rivalry and the Berlin Conference" (1919)  47

"The 'Irrepressible' Tourist" (1885) [illustration]  59

Hilaire Belloc, Excerpt from "The Modern Traveller" [1898]  60

Winston Churchill, "The Fashoda Incident" (1899)  65

Lord Alfred Milner, "Geography and Statecraft" (1907)  76

"Marchez! Marchand!" (1898) [illustration]  77

Dr. Wilhelm Junker, Excerpt from Travels in Africa during the Years 1882-1886, with etching (1892)  79

"Africa Shared Out" (1899) [editorial with cartoon]  81

II. The Body Politic: Rationalizing Race  

Introduction: The Body Politic: Rationalizing Race  85

Slaves  91

William Wilberforce, "The African Slave Trade" (1789)  93

William Pitt the Younger, "William Pitt the Younger Indicts the Slave trade and Forsees a Liberated Africa" (1792)  100

Thomas Carlyle, "The Nigger Question" (1849)  108

Charles Dickens, "The Noble Savage" (1853) [with classified advertisement from the Illustrated London News]  134

Species  141

Count Joseph Arthur Gobineau, "Moral and Intellectual Characteristics of the Three Great Varieties" (1856)  143

Charles Darwin, "Struggle for Existence" (1871)  153

Charles Darwin, "On the Formation of the Races of Man" (1871)  160

Digain Williams, Excerpt from "Darwin" (1922)  167

James W. Redfield, "Comparative Physiognomy" (1852)  169

Ernest Renan, Excerpts from The Future of Science (1893)  178

Self Governance  187

Walter Bagehot, "Nation-Making" (1869)  189

Herbert Spencer, "The Primitive Man---Intellectual" (1906)  195

Benjamin Kidd, "The Principles of the Relations of Our Civilization to the Tropics" (1898)  208

Dudley Kidd, Excerpts from Kafir Socialism (1908)  222

Rudyard Kipling, "How the Leopard Got His Spots" (1902)  232

III. The Political Corps  

The Mission  241

Introduction: The Mission: Christianity, Civilization, and Commerce  243

William Booth, Salvation Army Songs (n.d.)  247

David Livingstone, Dr. Livingstone's Cambridge Lectures (1858)  253

Henry M. Stanley, Excerpts from How I Found Livingstone (1872)  278

Livingstone's Journeys, 1841-1856 [map]  279

M.B. Synge, "Preparing the Empire: Livingstone and Stanley in Central Africa" (1908)  300

Elizabeth Rundle Charles (?), "In Memory of Dr. Livingstone" (1874)  304

Sir Bartle Frere, "Dr. Livingstone" (1874)  306

Count Joseph Arthur Gobineau, "Influence of Christianity upon Moral and intellectual Diversity of Races" (1856)  319

Matthew Arnold, "The Bishop and the Philosopher" (1863)  328

International Emigration Office, Excerpts from The Surplus (1909)  350

Excerpts from The Salvation Army British Empire Exhibition Handbook (1924)  358

The Administration: Lugard and the Royal Niger Company  365

Introduction: Inheritors of Empire, Agents of Change: Lord Lugard and Mary Kingsley  367

"Royal Charter Granted to the National African Company, later called the Royal Niger Company" (1884)  372

George Taubman Goldie and Frederick Lugard, Selected Correspondence: The Royal Niger Company (1894)  380

Frederick Lugard, Excerpts from The Diaries of Lord Lugard: Nigeria (1894-1895,1898)  388

Frederick Lugard, "Duties of Political Officers and Miscellaneous subjects" (1913-1918)  402

Frederick Lugard, Excerpts from The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa (1922)  417

Mary Kingsley, "The Clash of Cultures" (1901)  439

Mary Kingsley, "A Letter to the Editor of 'The New Africa'" (n.d.)  457

Flora L. Shaw (Lady Lugard), Excerpts from A Tropical Dependency (1905)  460

The Administration: Cecil J. Rhodes and the British South Africa Company  473

Introduction: Cecil J. Rhodes; Colossus or Caricature?  475

Olive Schreiner, Excerpt from Trooper Peter Halket of Mashonaland (1897)  478

"The Rhodes Colossus" (1892) [illustration]  480

"My Career Is Only Beginning!" (1896) [illustration]  481

"South Africa before and after Cecil Rhodes" (1896) [map]  483

H. Rider Haggard, "We Abandon Hope" (1885)  484

John Buchan, "My Uncle's Gift Is Many Times Multiplied" (1910)  492

Cecil John Rhodes, Excerpts from The Speeches of Cecil Rhodes 1881-1900 (1900)  496

Lord Randolph S. Churchill, Excerpts from Men, Mines, and Animals in South Africa (1895)  529

Dr. L. S. Jameson. "Personal Reminiscences of Mr. Rhodes" (1897)  531

"The Last Will and Testament of Cecil John Rhodes" (1902)  538

Rudyard Kipling, "The Burial" (1902)  560

IV. Crises of Empire  

Gordon at Khartoum  565

Introduction: Gordon at Khartoum: From Cavil to Catastrophe  566

Chronology of Events  569

Charles G. Gordon, Excerpts from The Journals of Major-General C. B. Gordon, G. B. at Kartoum (1885)  569

"At Last!" (1885) [illustration]  572

"Too Late!" (1885) [illustration]  573

Queen Victoria, Letters to Mary Gordon (1890)  578

Lytton Strachey, "The End of General Gordon" (1918)  580

Lord Cromer (Evelyn Baring), "Relief Expedition' (1908)  583

Wilfred S. Blunt, Excerpts from Gordon at Khartoum (1911)  591

Randolph H. S. Churchill, "The Desertion of General Gordon" (1884)  596

Lord Wolseley, Excerpt from In Relief of Gordon (1885)  600

Rudolf C. Slatin Pasha, Excerpt from Fire and Sword in the Sudan (1896)  602

Major F. R. Wingate, "The Siege and Fall of Khartum" (1892)  603

John Buchan, "Act the Fifth: The End" (1934)  616

Rudyard Kipling, "Fuzzy-Wuzzy" (1898)  622

The Graphic, Christmas Number, 1887  624

"Gordon's Dream---The Martyr-Hero of Khartoum" (1887) [illustration]  625

The Anglo-Boer War  627

Introduction: The Boer War: Accusations and Apologias  629

"Across the Dark Continent" (1899) [illustration]  636

Olive Schreiner, Excerpt from An English-South African's View of the Situation (1899)  635

H. Rider Haggard, Excerpt from A History of the Transvaal (1900)  644

J. A. Hobson, "Political Position in Cape Colony" (1900)  647

Rudyard Kipling, "The Absent-Minded Beggar" (1899)  651

E. J. Hardy, "Mr. Thomas Atkins" (1900)  653

"Relief of Kimberley" (1900) [reproduction]  659

Emily Hobhouse, Excerpt from Report of a Visit to the Camps of Women and Children in the Cape and Orange River Colonies (1901)  665

Dame Millicent Garrett Fawcett, Excerpt from What I Remember (1924)  671

Winston Churchill, "Prisoners of War" (1900)  679

Methods of Barbarism  683

W. T. Stead, "Suggestions for a New Departure" (1900)  685

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, "Further Charges against British Troops" (1902)  696

Excerpt from Hague Convention (II) with Respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land, 29 July 1899  705

Treaty of Vereeniging, 31 May 1902  706

The Congo  709

Introduction: The Congo: Abominations and Denunciations  711

Anonymous, "The Congo State" (1902)  715

Roger Casement, "The Congo Report" (1903)  715

Roger Casement, " The 1903 Diary" (1903)  727

Joseph Conrad, An Open Letter to Roger Casement (1903)  739

E. D. Morel, "Native Life under Congo State Rule" (1904)  741

E. D. Morel, Excerpts from History of the Congo Reform Movement (1910-1914)  757

George Washington Williams, "An Open Letter to His Serene Majesty Leopold II" (1890)  770

Mark Twain, "King Leopold's Soliloquy" (1905)  781

Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Excerpts from The Crime of the Congo (1909)  800

"The Guilt of Delay" (1909) [illustration]  815

"With selections ranging from company charters, missionary tracts, satirical cartoons, legislative records, to literary accounts, these anthologies present a fascinating glimpse of the many sides of imperialism."—Heidi Hanrahan, English Literature in Transition, 1880-1920

"[A] wonderful anthology. . . . [A]n anthology to be enthusiastically welcomed by those who teach empire, and it offers both classics and new works for close readings and analysis. . . ."—Carol Summers, Itinerario

"This valuable collection of documents from and about the British Empire will prove useful to students and scholars."—Journal of Interdisciplinary History

"[T]his is easily the richest single collection of primary source materials on British imperialism available in print. . . . The first two volumes of Archives of Empire supply us with a rich selection of source material on British imperialism in India and Africa, and when reinforced by the final two volumes, the completed project will provide an unrivaled resource to students of empire. And by its very existence this "reader" will stand as a monument to the remarkable efflorescence of interest in imperial and colonial studies in recent years."

—Dane Kennedy, Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History

"This thoughtful and interesting collection of primary materials offers much to students and teachers alike. . . . This is a first-rate work that deserves widespread adoption."—Jeremy Black, African History

"Archives of Empire promises to be a rich resource for scholars of British imperialism, of the impact of European colonialism, and of the role of empire in British political and popular culture. . . . [T]he first two volumes in the series offer a stimulating introduction to contemporary scholarship in imperial history and post-colonial theory."—Martin Thomas, History

“It is hard not to get excited over the wealth o f material provided by The East India Company to the Suez Canal (vol. 1) and The Scramble for Africa (vol. 2), which will prove invaluable for both pedagogical and scholarly use.”—Jeanne Dubino, Nineteenth Century Studies

"With selections ranging from company charters, missionary tracts, satirical cartoons, legislative records, to literary accounts, these anthologies present a fascinating glimpse of the many sides of imperialism."—Heidi Hanrahan, English Literature in Transition, 1880-1920

"[A] wonderful anthology. . . . [A]n anthology to be enthusiastically welcomed by those who teach empire, and it offers both classics and new works for close readings and analysis. . . ."—Carol Summers, Itinerario

"This valuable collection of documents from and about the British Empire will prove useful to students and scholars."—Journal of Interdisciplinary History

"[T]his is easily the richest single collection of primary source materials on British imperialism available in print. . . . The first two volumes of Archives of Empire supply us with a rich selection of source material on British imperialism in India and Africa, and when reinforced by the final two volumes, the completed project will provide an unrivaled resource to students of empire. And by its very existence this "reader" will stand as a monument to the remarkable efflorescence of interest in imperial and colonial studies in recent years."

—Dane Kennedy, Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History

"This thoughtful and interesting collection of primary materials offers much to students and teachers alike. . . . This is a first-rate work that deserves widespread adoption."—Jeremy Black, African History

"Archives of Empire promises to be a rich resource for scholars of British imperialism, of the impact of European colonialism, and of the role of empire in British political and popular culture. . . . [T]he first two volumes in the series offer a stimulating introduction to contemporary scholarship in imperial history and post-colonial theory."—Martin Thomas, History

“It is hard not to get excited over the wealth o f material provided by The East India Company to the Suez Canal (vol. 1) and The Scramble for Africa (vol. 2), which will prove invaluable for both pedagogical and scholarly use.”—Jeanne Dubino, Nineteenth Century Studies

“Archives of Empire is a substantial and valuable project containing a generous sampling of key primary texts for understanding both the crucial events in and the debates around British imperialism in the nineteenth century.”—David Lloyd, coeditor of The Politics of Culture in the Shadow of Capital

“Archives of Empire offers a valuable and original intervention in contemporary studies of imperialism, providing a rich array of source material pertaining to the imperial project and the wide-ranging grounds for its critique.”—Anne McClintock, author of Imperial Leather: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest

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