Acknowledgments   xix

General Introduction: Readings in Imperialism and Orientalism   xxi

Volume Introduction: From the Company to the Canal   1

I. COMPANY TO CANAL, 1757-1869   

INTRODUCTION: Adventure Capitalism: Mercantilism, Militarism, and the British East India Company   13

Chronology of Events   16

List of the Governors and Governors-General of India   17

List of the Newabs of Bengal   18

India under Cornwallis (1792) [map]   19

India under Wellesley (1799) [map]   19

India under Hastings (1832) [map]   20

India under Dalhousie (1856) [map]   20

G.A. (George Alfred) Henty, Excerpt from With Clive in India (n.d.)   21

Agreement between the Nabob Nudjum-ul-Dowlah and the Company, 12 August 1765  25

Anonymous, An Inquiry into the Rights of the East India Company of Making War and Peace (1772)   27

East India Company Act, 1773   31

James Mill, The Constitution of the East India Company (1817)   39

James Mill, Letter to Durmont (1819)   47

John Stuart Mill. Excerpt from Autobiography (1873)   48

Government of India Act, 1833   49

Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay, Lord Clive (1840)   59

Samuel Lucas, The Spoliation of Oude (1857)   72

Sir Arthur Wellesley, Memorandum on Marquess Wellesleys Government of India (1806)  81

II. ORIENTAL DEPOTISM  

INTRODUCTON: Oriental Despotisms and Political Economies   89

Baron de Montesquieu, Distinctive Properties of a Despotic Government (1746)   92

Baron de Montesquieu, Excerpts from Persian Letters (1721)   92

Adam Smith, America and the East Indies (1776)   95

Robert Orme, Of the Government and People of Indostan (1782)   107

John Stuart Mill, Excerpt from The Principles of Political Economy (1848)   111

John Stuart Mill, Excerpt from Considerations on Representative Government (1861)   113

Karl Marx, On Imperialism in India (1853)   117

III. THE IMPEACHMENT OF WARREN HASTINGS  

INTRODUCTION: Warren Hastings: Naughty Nabob or National Hero?   131

Warren Hastings, Warren Hastings to the Court of General Directors, 11 November 1773   135

Warren Hastings, Excerpt from Memoirs Relative to the State of India (1786)   137

Edmund Burke, Edmund Burke on the Impeachment of Warren Hastings, 15-19 February 1788   143

Westminister Hall during the trial of Warren Hastings (1788) [illustration]   146

Fanny Burney, Diary Selections (1788)   155

Edmund Burke, From the Third Day of Edmund Burkes Speech Opening the Impeachment, 18 February 1788   160

Warren Hastings, From the Address of Warren Hastings in His Defence, 2 June 1791   163

Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay, Warren Hastings (1841)   166

IV. THE CASE OF TIPU SULTAN  

INTRODUCTION: Tipu Sultan: Oriental Despot or National Hero?   171

G.A. Henty, Excerpts from The Tiger of Mysore (189?)   173

Tippoo Sahib at the Lines of Travancore (1789) [illustration]   174

Major Diram, Treaties of Peace, and Review of the Consequences of War (1793)   175

Selected Letters between Tipu and Company Governors-General, 1798-1799   180

Wilkie Collins, Prologue: The Storming of Seringapatam, 1799 (1869)  195

V. ORIENTALISM  

INTRODUCTION: Orientalism: The East as a Career   203

Mary Shelley, Excerpts from Frankenstein (1813/1831)   206

Benjamin Disraeli, Excerpt from Sibyl, or the Two Nations (1845)   208

Definitions from the Hobson-Jobson Dictionary   209

G.W.F. Hegel, India (1822)   219

William Jones, A Discourse on the Institution of a Society for Inquiring into the History, Civil and Natural, the Antiquities, Arts, Sciences, and Literatures of Asia (1784)   223

Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay, Minute on Indian Education (1835)   227

Max Muller, The Aryan Section (1876)   239

VI. LAWS AND ORDERS  

INTRODUCTION: Ordering Chaos: Administering the Law   249

Robert Orme, Of the Laws and Justice of Indostan (1782)   251

Sir William Jones, Preface to Institutes of Hindu Law: Or, the Ordinances of Menu (1794)   261

Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay, Introductory Report upon the Indian Penal Code (1837)  268

VII. THUGGEE/THAGI  

INTRODUCTION: Decriminalizing the Landscape: Thugs and Poisoners   285

A thug family tree (1836) [illustration]  288

Thug depredations (1836) [map]   288

Thugs giving a demonstration of their method of strangulation (1855) [photo]   289

Captain William H. Sleeman, Excerpts from The Thugs or Phansigars of India: History of the Rise and Progress (1839)   297

Fanny Parks Parlby, A Kutcherry or Kachahri (1850)   307

Philip Meadows Taylor, Thugs (1877)   314

Philip Meadows Taylor, Excerpts from Confessions of a Thug (1837)   315

Captain William H. Sleeman, Thug Approvers (1833-1835?)   322

VIII. SUTTEE/SATI  

INTRODUCTION: Sati/Suttee: Observances, Abolition, Observations   337

Colonel Henry Yule and A.C. Burnell, Suttee [definition] (1903)   340

Lord William Bentinck, Bentincks Minute on Sati, 8 November 1892   350

Sati Regulation XVII, A.D. 1829 of the Bengal Code, 4 December 1829   361

The Duties of a Faithful Widow, from Digest of Hindi Law (n.d.)   364

Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Petitions and Addresses on the Practice of Suttee (1818-1831)   369

G.W.F. Hegel, On Sati (1822)   374

Charles Dickens, Death by Fire of Miss Havisham (1861)   375

Jules Verne, Fogg Rescues a Sati (1873)   377

Maspero Jingle [advertisement for Maspero Egyptian cigarettes]  379

Ernest Renan, On Suttee (1893)   380

Flora Annie Steel, The Reformers Wife (1933)   381

IX. THE INDIAN UPRISING/SEPOY MUTINY 1857-1858  

INTRODUCTION: The Asiatic Mystery: The Sepoy Mutiny, Rebellion, or Revolt   391

Chronology of Events   396

Rulers and Rebels: Some Major Figures   397

Excerpts from The Whos Who of Indian Martyrs (1969-1973)  400

Portrait of Nana Sahib [illustration]   402

Sepoys, 1757 (1890) [illustration]   406

Attack of the Mutineers on the Redan Battery at Lucknow, July 30, 1857 (n.d.) [illustration]   406

The Asiatic Mystery. As Prepared by Sepoy DIsraeli (1857) [illustration]   407

Proclamation to the People of Oude on Its Annexation. February 1856   408

Sir Henry Lawrences Essay of 1843, Forecasting the Events of 1857   409

Rani Lakshmi Bai (The Rani of Jhansi), Letters of Rani Lakshmi Bai (1853-1854)   413

Title page from The Queens Desire (1893) [reproduction]   420

Hume Nisbet, Preface and Excerpt from The Queens Desire: A Romance of the Indian Mutiny (1893)   419

The Ranees Death (1893) [illustration]   422

The King of Oudes Manifesto from the Delhi Gazette, 29 September 1857   428

Karl Marx, The Revolt in India, The Indian Question, British Incomes in India, and The Annexation of Oude (1857-1858)   433

Colonel C. Chester, Final Orders to the Musketry Schools (1857)   449

Selected Documents from John William Kayes The History of the Sepoy War in India, 1857-1858 (1880), including The Chupatties and The Bone-Dust Story   451

Act. No. XIV of 1857 (on the punishment of soldiers under Company rule) (1880)   459

Charles Ball, Summary Justice (n.d.)   461

Justice (1857) [illustration]   479

Selected Correspondence of Queen Victoria (1857)   478

Anonymous, How to Make an Indian Pickle (1857)   485

The British Lions Vengeance on the Bengal Tiger (1857) [illustration]   487

Bholanauth-Chunder (attributed to), The Punishment of Allahabad (1857)   486

Pity for the Poor Sepoys! (1857) [editorial letter]   488

Reverend J. Johnson Walsh, Excerpts from A Memorial of the Futtehgurh Mission and Her Martyred Missionaries: With Some Remarks on the Mutiny in India (1859)   489

The Execution of John Company (1857) [illustration]   510

Anonymous, Englands Great Mission to India (1879)   509

Henry Gilbert, Doubts and Forebodings (n.d.)   529

Henry Gilbert, What the Native Thought (n.d.)   535

Rudyard Kipling, The Grave of the Hundred Head (1899)   542

Alfred Tennyson, The Defence of Lucknow (1879)   542

Alfred Tennyson, English War-Song (n.d.)   546

M.B. Synge, The Indian Mutiny (1908)   547

X. THE SUEZ CANAL: THE GALA OPENING  555

INTRODUCTION: Spectacular Suez: The Opening Gala of the Suez Canal   555

Opening of the Suez Canal at Port Said: Presence of the Imperial and Royal Visitors (1869) [illustration]   558

Opening of the Suez Canal: The Procession of Ships in the Canal (1869) [illustration]   558

Selected Correspondence of Giuseppe Verdi (1870)   557

Baron Samuel Selig de Kusel, Excerpt from An Englishmans Recollections of Egypt 1863 to 1887 (1915)  566

XI. THE SUEZ CANAL: THE BUILDER, FERDINAND DE LESSEPS INTRODUCTION: The Master Builder and His Designs: Ferdinand De Lesseps   575

Ferdinand De Lesseps Bestrides His Canal (n.d.) [illustration]   578

Chronology of Events   579

Ferdinand De Lesseps, Inquiry into the Opinions of the Commerical Classes of Great Britian on the Suez Ship Canal (1857) [pamphlet]   580

Ferdinand De Lesseps, Excerpts from The Suez Canal: Letters and Documents Descriptive of Its Rise and Progress in 1854-56 (1876)   584

Charles Frederic Moberly Bell, Excerpt from From Pharaoh to Fellah (1888)   604

XII. THE SUEZ CANAL: THE CANAL AND ITS CONSEQUENCES  

INTRODUCTION: The Battlefield of the Future: The Canal and Its Consequences   611

A Stretch of the Canal Is Hollowed Out/The Men Who Have Hollowed It (n.d.) [illustration]   614

From the Great Pyramid. (A Birds-Eye View of the Canal and Its Consequences.) (1869) [illustration]   617

Anonymous, Latest -- From the Sphinx (1869) [editorial poem]   615

Anonymous, The Sultans Complaint (1869) [editorial poem]   617

Ferdinand De Lesseps, Report fo His Highness the Viceroy of Egypt on the Fellah Workmen to be Employed by the International Suez Canal Company (1856)   619

The Official Firman of Concession Granted by the Viceroy of Egypt Mohamed Said, to Ferdinand De Lesseps, 1854   622

Charter of Concession and Book of Charges for the Construction and Working of the Suez Grand Maritime Canal and Dependencies (1856)   625

Agreement of February 22, 1866, Determining the Final Terms as Ratified by the Sublime Porte   631

Edward Dicey, Why Not Purchase the Suez Canal? (1883)   638

Charles Royle, De Lesseps and the Canal (1900)  655

D. A. Cameron, The Suez Canal (1898)   661

Mose in Egitto!!! (1875) [illustration]   670

Lord Herbert Edward Cecil, A Day on the Suez Canal (1905) (1921)   671

The Lions Share (1867) [illustration]  677

XIII. THE ARABI UPRISING  

INTRODUCTION: The Arabi Uprising: Egypt for the Egyptians or British Egypt   681

Chronology of Events   685

Important Figures   685

Hold On! (1822) [illustraion]   688

The Neddy of the Nile (1882) [illustration   688

Bob McGee, De War in Egypt (1882)   686

W. E. Gladstone, Aggression on Egypt and Freedom in the East (1887)   687

Lord Cromer, The Mutiny of the Egyptian Army (1908) 696 Arabis Appeal to Gladstone (1882)   707

Rioters at Alexandria (1882) [illustration]   709

The Crisis in Egypt (1882) [illustration]   710

E. M. Forster, The Bombardment of Alexandria (1882) (with map)   711

Wilfred Scawen Blunt, The Arabi Trial (1907)   714

The Sublime -- Super! (1882) [illustration]   737

Lady Gregory, Arabi and His Household (1882) [pamphlet]   737

XIV. PILGRIMS, TRAVELERS, AND TOURISTS  

INTRODUCTION: Holy Lands and Secular Agendas   747

Lady Duff Gordon, Caairo Is the Real Arabian Nights (1865)   749

Richard F. Burton, Suez (1855)   752

Stanley Lane-Poole, The Two Cities (1902)   769

Charles M. Doughty, Excerpt from Travels in Arabia Deserta (1888)   775

Itineraries from Programme of Arrangements for Visiting Egypt, the Nile, Sudan, Palestine, and Syria (1929-1930)   779

Egyptian Natives Types (n.d.) [illustration]   780

"With selections ranging from company charters, missionary tracts, satirical cartoons, legislative records, to literary accounts, these anthologies present a fascinating glimpse of the many sides of imperialism."—Heidi Hanrahan, English Literature in Transition, 1880-1920

"Archives of Empire will undoubtedly stand as one of the best documentary collections in its field for some time."
—Daniel P. Becker, Itinerario

"[A]n ideal reference for short primary sources to supplement textbook or other readings. . . . [A]n extremely valuable teaching resource for faculty, and it should be read in combination with the other three volumes of the series in order to gain a more complete understanding of the ways in which political and cultural discourse produced and reproduced empire in Victorian Britain."—Brian Caton, The Journal of Asian Studies

"This valuable collection of documents from and about the British Empire will prove useful to students and scholars."—Journal of Interdisciplinary History

"[T]his is easily the richest single collection of primary source materials on British imperialism available in print. . . . The first two volumes of Archives of Empire supply us with a rich selection of source material on British imperialism in India and Africa, and when reinforced by the final two volumes, the completed project will provide an unrivaled resource to students of empire. And by its very existence this "reader" will stand as a monument to the remarkable efflorescence of interest in imperial and colonial studies in recent years."—Dane Kennedy, Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History

"Volume I provides a rich, sometimes eclectic mix of documents. . . . Archives of Empire promises to be a rich resource for scholars of British imperialism, of the impact of European colonialism, and of the role of empire in British political and popular culture. . . . [T]he first two volumes in the series offer a stimulating introduction to contemporary scholarship in imperial history and post-colonial theory."—Martin Thomas, History

"This volume offers much to the scholar seeking to gain a sense of the period he or she may be embarking upon as a first step to further research. To the general reader it is an invaluable book, well organised and signposted, showing, through the use of raw primary sources, just what was written by contemporaries without the embellishment of the many later interpretative works that have already been written on this period."—Tim Allender, Asian Studies Review

“It is hard not to get excited over the wealth o f material provided by The East India Company to the Suez Canal (vol. 1) and The Scramble for Africa (vol. 2), which will prove invaluable for both pedagogical and scholarly use.”—Jeanne Dubino, Nineteenth Century Studies

"With selections ranging from company charters, missionary tracts, satirical cartoons, legislative records, to literary accounts, these anthologies present a fascinating glimpse of the many sides of imperialism."—Heidi Hanrahan, English Literature in Transition, 1880-1920

"Archives of Empire will undoubtedly stand as one of the best documentary collections in its field for some time."
—Daniel P. Becker, Itinerario

"[A]n ideal reference for short primary sources to supplement textbook or other readings. . . . [A]n extremely valuable teaching resource for faculty, and it should be read in combination with the other three volumes of the series in order to gain a more complete understanding of the ways in which political and cultural discourse produced and reproduced empire in Victorian Britain."—Brian Caton, The Journal of Asian Studies

"This valuable collection of documents from and about the British Empire will prove useful to students and scholars."—Journal of Interdisciplinary History

"[T]his is easily the richest single collection of primary source materials on British imperialism available in print. . . . The first two volumes of Archives of Empire supply us with a rich selection of source material on British imperialism in India and Africa, and when reinforced by the final two volumes, the completed project will provide an unrivaled resource to students of empire. And by its very existence this "reader" will stand as a monument to the remarkable efflorescence of interest in imperial and colonial studies in recent years."—Dane Kennedy, Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History

"Volume I provides a rich, sometimes eclectic mix of documents. . . . Archives of Empire promises to be a rich resource for scholars of British imperialism, of the impact of European colonialism, and of the role of empire in British political and popular culture. . . . [T]he first two volumes in the series offer a stimulating introduction to contemporary scholarship in imperial history and post-colonial theory."—Martin Thomas, History

"This volume offers much to the scholar seeking to gain a sense of the period he or she may be embarking upon as a first step to further research. To the general reader it is an invaluable book, well organised and signposted, showing, through the use of raw primary sources, just what was written by contemporaries without the embellishment of the many later interpretative works that have already been written on this period."—Tim Allender, Asian Studies Review

“It is hard not to get excited over the wealth o f material provided by The East India Company to the Suez Canal (vol. 1) and The Scramble for Africa (vol. 2), which will prove invaluable for both pedagogical and scholarly use.”—Jeanne Dubino, Nineteenth Century Studies

"Archives of Empire is a substantial and valuable project containing a generous sampling of key primary texts for understanding both the crucial events in and the debates around British imperialism in the nineteenth century.”—David Lloyd, coeditor of The Politics of Culture in the Shadow of Capital

“Archives of Empire offers a valuable and original intervention in contemporary studies of imperialism, providing a rich array of source material pertaining to the imperial project and the wide-ranging grounds for its critique.”—Anne McClintock, author of Imperial Leather: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest

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