Preface  

Transcriptions and Phonetics  

Maps and Charts  

Introduction  

I Egyptology  

1. Can We We Fair? A Reply to John Baines  

2. Greece is Not Nubia: A Reply to David OConnor  

II Classics  

3. Who is Qualified to Write Greek History? A Reply to Lawrence A. Tritle  

4. How Did the Egyptian Way of Death Reach Greece? A Reply to Emily Vermeule  

5. Just Smoke and Mirrors? A Reply to Edith Hall  

III Linguistics  

6. Ausnahmslosigkeit �ber Alles: A Reply to Jay H. Jasanoff and Alan Nussbaum   

IV Historiography   

7. Accuracy and/or Coherence? A Reply to Robert Norton, Robert Palter, and Josine Blok  

8. Passion and Politics: A Reply to Guy Rogers  

9. The British Utilitarians, Imperialism, and the Fall of the Ancient Model  

V Science  

10. Was There a Greek Scientific Miracle? A Reply to Robert Palter  

11. Animadversions on the Origins of Western Science  

VI Recent Broadening Scholarship  

12. Greek Art Without Egypt, Hamlet Without the Prince: A Review of Sarah Morriss Daidalos and the Origins of Greek Art  

13. One or Several Revolutions? A Review of Walter Burkerts The Orientalizing Revolution: Near Eastern Influence on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age  

14. Theres a Mountain in the Way: A Review of Martin Wests The East Face of Helicon: West Asiatic Elements in Greek Poetry and Myth  

15. Phoenician Politics and Egyptian Justice in Ancient Greece  

VII. A Popularizing Effort  

16. All Not Quiet on the Wellesley Front: A Review of Not Out of Africa  

Conclusion  

Notes  

Glossary  

Bibliography  

Index  

“[Black Athena Writes Back] will garner wide readership and spark interest in [Bernal’s] previous books.”—Vanessa Bush, Booklist

Named one of The Independent’s Books of the Year. “I follow with continuing fascination the astonishing academic debate on deep history in Martin Bernal’s Black Athena Writes Back—one of the strangest intellectual confrontations of our time.”—Margaret Drabble, The Independent (UK)

“The Black Athena controversy rumbles on. . . . [Bernal’s] critics may believe that they are destroying his arguments, but in fact they are giving them new depth and subtlety.”—Thomas Harrison, Times Literary Supplement

"Bernal forces classicists to confront the history of our discipline."

—Jeremy McInerney, History: Review of New Books

"Black Athena Writes Back is a definitive defense by Bernal. It should be in the reference sections of all serious scholarly libraries."

—Richard Lobban, International Journal of African Historical Studies

"[T]he topic is important to a number of academic fields, politics, and different constituencies; and thus until the issues are ‘resolved,’ the debate must continue. As always, Bernal raises fascinating problems concerning what is ‘fact’ and who decides it in a complicated world."
—Tammi J. Schneider, Religious Studies Review

"This is an erudite, richly scholarly book. . . . [W]ell written and organized. . . ."—Emeka Aniagolu, The Historian

"Bernal is developing a consistent and detailed alternative history of the ancient eastern Mediterranean. . . . [A] great and essential read, even if one has no knowledge of any of the previous volumes and debates."—Anthony Lowstedt, New African

"[T]he book provides fascinating and informative reading, whether as a study of historical evidences and their interpretation, a methodological study, or an intellectual and cultural event."—Yaacov Shavit, Journal of World History

“[Black Athena Writes Back] will garner wide readership and spark interest in [Bernal’s] previous books.”—Vanessa Bush, Booklist

Named one of The Independent’s Books of the Year. “I follow with continuing fascination the astonishing academic debate on deep history in Martin Bernal’s Black Athena Writes Back—one of the strangest intellectual confrontations of our time.”—Margaret Drabble, The Independent (UK)

“The Black Athena controversy rumbles on. . . . [Bernal’s] critics may believe that they are destroying his arguments, but in fact they are giving them new depth and subtlety.”—Thomas Harrison, Times Literary Supplement

"Bernal forces classicists to confront the history of our discipline."

—Jeremy McInerney, History: Review of New Books

"Black Athena Writes Back is a definitive defense by Bernal. It should be in the reference sections of all serious scholarly libraries."

—Richard Lobban, International Journal of African Historical Studies

"[T]he topic is important to a number of academic fields, politics, and different constituencies; and thus until the issues are ‘resolved,’ the debate must continue. As always, Bernal raises fascinating problems concerning what is ‘fact’ and who decides it in a complicated world."
—Tammi J. Schneider, Religious Studies Review

"This is an erudite, richly scholarly book. . . . [W]ell written and organized. . . ."—Emeka Aniagolu, The Historian

"Bernal is developing a consistent and detailed alternative history of the ancient eastern Mediterranean. . . . [A] great and essential read, even if one has no knowledge of any of the previous volumes and debates."—Anthony Lowstedt, New African

"[T]he book provides fascinating and informative reading, whether as a study of historical evidences and their interpretation, a methodological study, or an intellectual and cultural event."—Yaacov Shavit, Journal of World History

“A fascinating and important debate. As a lay reader I find both the scholarly arguments and the human differences very gripping. Bernal tells the story of the process of academic diffusion very vividly and gives us the kind of background we don't usually discover.”—Margaret Drabble

“Black Athena must be the most discussed book on the ancient history of the eastern Mediterranean world since the Bible. . . . [It] enjoys such continued attention because it raises important scholarly questions, and because it makes a difficult subject available to a large audience.”—Mario Liverani, in Black Athena Revisited

“[F]ew books published about the ancient world since World War II have provoked as much interest both inside and outside the discipline of classics as has Black Athena.”—Guy MacLean Rogers, in Black Athena Revisited

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