List of Figures  ix

Prologue  xi

Acknowledgments  xix

Introduction  1

1. "Harlem Rides the Range": Expansion, Modernity, and Negro Success  27

2. Epaulets and Leaf Skirts, Warriors, and Subversives: Exoticism in the Performance of the Haitian Revolution  70

3. Prisms of Imperial Gaze: Swinging the Negro Mikado  115

4. Lens/Body: Anthropology's Methodologies and Spaces of Reflection in Dunham's Diaspora  165

5. Ethnographic Refraction: Exoticism and Diasporic Sisterhood in The Devil's Daughter  201

6. No Storm in the Weather: Domestic Bliss and African American Performance  228

Epilogue  256

Notes  261

Bibliography  299

Index  317

Winner, 2011 William Sanders Scarborough Prize, presented by the Modern Language Association

“What separates Batiste’s work from the existing literature is her ability to pinpoint how modern black film, theater, and dance performances repurposed normative gazes, racist imagery, and dominant narratives to relocate black identities from the margins to a reimagined center.... Batiste achieves an impressive balance...”—Marvin McAllister, Journal of American History

“Throughout, [Batiste’s] analysis is rich and meticulous, grounded in and facile at negotiating and nuancing the subtleties of racial and postcolonial theory. Indeed, by demonstrating the variety of ways that black performers in this period not only engaged but also expanded, refined, challenged, and subverted the meaning of blackness in American culture, Batiste’s book itself “performs” important cultural work.”—Lori Duin Kelly, Journal of American Culture

“Darkening Mirrors provides insightful detailed critical commentary on theatricality and aesthetics as well as a wealth of details on the milieu and audience responses, with concentrated attention to issues related to empowerment and disempowerment. Batiste is especially strong in revealing the complicated duality for blacks in assuming the imperial culture and protesting against it.”—Sandra M. Mayo, New Theatre Quarterly

Winner, 2011 William Sanders Scarborough Prize, presented by the Modern Language Association

“What separates Batiste’s work from the existing literature is her ability to pinpoint how modern black film, theater, and dance performances repurposed normative gazes, racist imagery, and dominant narratives to relocate black identities from the margins to a reimagined center.... Batiste achieves an impressive balance...”—Marvin McAllister, Journal of American History

“Throughout, [Batiste’s] analysis is rich and meticulous, grounded in and facile at negotiating and nuancing the subtleties of racial and postcolonial theory. Indeed, by demonstrating the variety of ways that black performers in this period not only engaged but also expanded, refined, challenged, and subverted the meaning of blackness in American culture, Batiste’s book itself “performs” important cultural work.”—Lori Duin Kelly, Journal of American Culture

“Darkening Mirrors provides insightful detailed critical commentary on theatricality and aesthetics as well as a wealth of details on the milieu and audience responses, with concentrated attention to issues related to empowerment and disempowerment. Batiste is especially strong in revealing the complicated duality for blacks in assuming the imperial culture and protesting against it.”—Sandra M. Mayo, New Theatre Quarterly

"Darkening Mirrors is an important contribution to thinking about what has been, until now, an undertheorized subject: black Americans' complicity in imperialist discourse. Stephanie Leigh Batiste covers drama, film, and dance; analyzes texts that have received little critical attention; and brings the insights of postcolonial, critical race, performance, and theater studies to bear on complex issues of power, desire, imperialism, aesthetics, and racial solidarity. Her nuanced readings of Depression-era performances show not only how African Americans were implicated in the quest to solidify American imperialism and the colonization of the 'racial other,' but also how they rejected those same projects through performance practices including costume, set design, speech, movement, and music."—E. Patrick Johnson, author of Appropriating Blacknesss: Performance and the Politics of Authenticity

"In Darkening Mirrors, Stephanie Leigh Batiste rigorously explores black Americans' complicity in imperialist discourse at the height of the Depression era. She makes an important, enlivening contribution to a growing body of scholarship examining some of the more complicated and ambiguous political affiliations of black cultural producers of the nineteenth century and early twentieth. This is a tremendously provocative study."—Daphne Brooks, author of Bodies in Dissent: Spectacular Performances of Race and Freedom, 1850–1910

"Darkening Mirrors is a powerful argument that during the 1930s, African American popular performers took part in U.S. imperial and nationalist projects even as they resisted the dominant culture's racism. In vivid, illuminating readings of films and stage shows—from The "Swing" Mikado and the Federal Theater Project's 'voodoo' Macbeth to Katherine Dunham’s concert ballet L'Ag'Ya—Stephanie Leigh Batiste makes her case stick, and she makes it sting. At the same time, she writes beautifully about how black Americans asserted the genius of African and Afro-diasporic arts on the national and transnational scene."—Joseph Roach, Yale University

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