Notes on Labeling Places, Peoples, and Diseases  ix

Introduction  1

1. From the U.S.-Mexican War to the Mexican-Texas Epidemic: Fevers, Race, and the Making of a Medical Border  18

2. The Promise of Progress: Quarantines and the Medical Fusion of Race and Nation, 1890-1895  59

3. The Appearance of Progress: Black Labor, Smallpox, and the Body Politics of Transnational American Citizenship, 1895  78

4. The Power of Progress: Laredo and the Limits of Federal Quarantines, 1898-1903  123

5. Domestic Tensions at an American Crossroads: Bordering on Gender, Labor, and Typhus Control, 1910-1920  165

6. Bodies of Evidence: Vaccination and the Body Politics of Transnational Mexican Citizenship, 1910-1920  198

7. Between Border Quarantine and the Texas-Mexico Border: Race, Citizenship, and National Identities, 1920-1942  236

Epilogue. Moving between the Border Quarantine and the Texas-Mexico Borderlands  274

Acknowledgments  285

Notes  289

Bibliography  363

Index  403

“This very detailed and thoroughly reference work will be of greatest interest to students or scholars of the history of public health or the history of public policy, particularly immigration policy. Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers/faculty.”—M. A. Thompson, Choice

“Fevered Measures is an engaging and multi-layered historical narrative that underscores the centrality of public health to daily life, social relations and power dynamics along the Texas
Mexico border over one century. . . . What makes this story particularly compelling is that Mckiernan-González frames it with a compassionate and informed plea for greater awareness of Latina/o health disparities.”—Alexandra Minna Stern, Global Public Health

“John Mckiernan-González's impressive work Fevered Measures reminds us that the intertwining connections of race, health, and exclusion have a long history in the United States.”—Amy M. Hay, Southern Spaces

“Mckiernan-Gonzalez…adds substantially to the large literature on the history of public health, particularly its role in controlling immigration into the United States.”—Stephen J. Kunitz, American Historical Review

“Mckeirnan-González provides a sophisticated and fine-grained analysis of the work of overzealous public health officials on the border, but he also places these efforts in a global imperial context.”— Elliott Young, Journal of American History

“The vivid and rich narrative of Fevered Measures should reach both an academic and popular audience on both sides of the Texas-Mexico border.” —Miguel A. Levario, Southwestern Historical Quarterly

“John Mckiernan-Gonzalez...tackles a daunting list of topics in Fevered Measures, including race, ethnicity, national identity, shifting borders, the meaning of citizenship, and state formation...Drawing upon extensive archival resources in both the United States and Mexico, he provides a different way of approaching racial, cultural, and even diplomatic relations in the borderlands.”—Don M. Coerver, Hispanic American Historical Review

“This very detailed and thoroughly reference work will be of greatest interest to students or scholars of the history of public health or the history of public policy, particularly immigration policy. Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers/faculty.”—M. A. Thompson, Choice

“Fevered Measures is an engaging and multi-layered historical narrative that underscores the centrality of public health to daily life, social relations and power dynamics along the Texas
Mexico border over one century. . . . What makes this story particularly compelling is that Mckiernan-González frames it with a compassionate and informed plea for greater awareness of Latina/o health disparities.”—Alexandra Minna Stern, Global Public Health

“John Mckiernan-González's impressive work Fevered Measures reminds us that the intertwining connections of race, health, and exclusion have a long history in the United States.”—Amy M. Hay, Southern Spaces

“Mckiernan-Gonzalez…adds substantially to the large literature on the history of public health, particularly its role in controlling immigration into the United States.”—Stephen J. Kunitz, American Historical Review

“Mckeirnan-González provides a sophisticated and fine-grained analysis of the work of overzealous public health officials on the border, but he also places these efforts in a global imperial context.”— Elliott Young, Journal of American History

“The vivid and rich narrative of Fevered Measures should reach both an academic and popular audience on both sides of the Texas-Mexico border.” —Miguel A. Levario, Southwestern Historical Quarterly

“John Mckiernan-Gonzalez...tackles a daunting list of topics in Fevered Measures, including race, ethnicity, national identity, shifting borders, the meaning of citizenship, and state formation...Drawing upon extensive archival resources in both the United States and Mexico, he provides a different way of approaching racial, cultural, and even diplomatic relations in the borderlands.”—Don M. Coerver, Hispanic American Historical Review

"In Fevered Measures, through dramatic case studies, John Mckiernan-González brings exciting new insights to the intersection of state formation, racial formations, and medical discourse. Using archives on both sides of the border, he complicates our analysis of federal and local dynamics, earning a place among the best of the new borderlands historians."—Sarah Deutsch, author of No Separate Refuge: Culture, Class, and Gender on an Anglo-Hispanic Frontier in the American Southwest, 1880–1940

"Fevered Measures remaps the border as a space in which ideas of race and nation take on new meanings in relation to the development of the state and science. The book serves as a superior model for analyzing and narrating the transnational flow of people, ideas, and policies."—Raúl A. Ramos, author of Beyond the Alamo: Forging Mexican Ethnicity in San Antonio, 1821–1861

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