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  • Preface  xiii
    Acknowledgments  xix
    On Redress for Racial Injustice / Michael T. Martin and Marilyn Yaquinto  1
    Part 1. Racial Inequality and White Privilege  
    Racial Injustices in U.S. History and Their Legacy / David Lyons  33
    Race Preferences and Race Privileges / Michael K. Brown, Martin Carnoy, Elliott Currie, Troy Duster, David B. Oppenheimer, Marjorie M. Shultz, and David Wellman  55
    A Sociology of Wealth and Racial Inequality / Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. Shapiro  91
    Part 2. Law, Citizenship, and the State  
    The Case for Reparations / Robert Fullinwider  121
    Toward a Theory of Racial Reparations / James Bolner  134
    The Constitutionality of Black Reparations / Boris L. Bittker and Roy L. Brooks  143
    The Theory of Restitution: The African American Case / Richard America  160
    Reparations to African Americans? / J. Angelo Corlett  170
    Part 3. Reparations: Formation and Modes of Redress  
    "A Day of Reckoning": Dreams of Reparations / Robin D. G. Kelley  203
    Forty Acres, or, An Act of Bad Faith / Jeffrey R. Kerr-Ritchie  222
    The Economic Basis for Reparations to Black America / Robert S. Browne  238
    The Political Economy of Ending Racism and the World Conference against Racism: The Economics of Reparations / William Darity Jr. and Dania Frank  249
    The Rise of the Reparations Movement / Martha Biondi  255
    Part 4. Case Studies of Injustice and Intervention  
    Nineteenth-Century New York City's Complicity with Slavery: Documenting the Case for Reparations / Alan Singer  275
    Railroads, Race, and Reparations / Theodore Kornweibel Jr.  294
    Reparations: A Viable Strategy to Address the Enigma of African American Health / David R. Williams and Chiquita Collins  305
    Residential Segregation and Persistent Urban Poverty / Douglas S. Massey  331
    Part 5. Mobilizing Strategies  
    The Politics of Racial Reparations / Charles P. Henry  353
    The Case for U.S. Reparations to African Americans / Adrienne D. Davis  371
    The Promises and Pitfalls of Reparations / Yusuf Nuruddin  379
    Reparation as Reparations for Slavery and Jim Crow / Robert Johnson Jr.  402
    What's Next? Japanese American Redress and African American Reparations / Eric K. Yamamoto  411
    The Reparations Movement: An Assessment of Recent and Current Activism / Sam Anderson, Muntu Matsimela, and Yusuf Nuruddin  427
    Reparations: Strategic Considerations for Black Americans / C. J. Munford  447
    Tulsa Reparations: The Survivors' Story / Charles J. Ogletree Jr.  452
    Race for Power: The Global Balance of Power and Reparations / Gerald Horne  469
    Documents  
    Section 1. Federal Acts and Resolutions  485
    Section 2. State Legislation  518
    Section 3. Municipal Resolutions  536
    Section 4. Advocacy and Activism  559
    Section 5. Case Studies of Redress  637
    Section 6. Lawsuits  660
    Selected Bibliography  673
    Contributors  683
    Acknowledgment of Copyrights  687
    Index  691
  • Michael T. Martin

    Marilyn Yaquinto

    David Lyons

    Michael K. Brown

    Martin Carnoy

    Elliott Currie

    Troy Duster

    David B. Oppenheimer

    Marjorie M. Shultz

    David Wellman

    Melvin L. Oliver

    Thomas Shapiro

    Robert Fullinwider

    James Bolner

    Boris L. Bittker

    Roy L. Brooks

    Richard F. America

    J. Angelo Corlett

    Robin D. G. Kelley

    Jeffrey R. Kerr-Ritchie

    Robert S. Browne

    William A. Darity

    Dania Frank

    Martha Biondi

    Alan Singer

    Theodore Kornweibel

    David R. Williams

    Chiquita Collins

    Douglas S. Massey

    Charles P. Henry

    Adrian D. Davis

    Robert Johnson

    Eric Yamamoto

    Sam Anderson

    Muntu Matsimela

    Yusuf Nuruddin

    C. J. Munford

    Charles J. Ogletree

    Gerald Horne

  • “[T]he best available collection of scholarly articles, activist-group statements, and government decisions [on] reparations . . . for African-Americans.”—Joe R. Feagin, American Journal of Sociology

    “[E]ach paper makes a distinct contribution. In addition, the chapters are accompanied by a final section that contains numerous important documents related to the issue of slavery reparations, including legislation, government resolutions, lawsuits, activist declarations, and case study summaries. . . . [F]or the reparations researcher it is extremely useful to have all of these documents compiled into one source. For the sociologist, the volume contributes to our empirical and sociolegal understanding of slavery reparations.”—Andrew Woolford, Canadian Journal of Sociology

    "[S]tudents . . . will find this to be a useful, well-indexed reader. Recommended."—J. D. Smith, Choice

    “[T]he best available collection of scholarly articles, activist-group statements, and government decisions [on] reparations . . . for African-Americans.”--Joe R. Feagin, American Journal of Sociology—Joe R. Feagin, American Journal of Sociology

    “Redress will serve as an important handbook for reparations scholars and activists, giving the arguments and data necessary to rethink the movement and to move forward in a constructive manner. . . . Reparations needs some prophets and perhaps it will get some from those who read and are inspired by Martin and Yaquinto’s important volume.”—Alfred L. Brophy, Register of the Kentucky Historical Society

    “For educators, this book is fundamentally useful. . . . Most helpful for the classroom, though, is the final section of primary sources. These include federal acts and resolutions, state legislation, municipal resolutions, seminal documents from activist organizations, case studies of redress, and opinions from key lawsuits. I doubt there is another work that houses these reparations-specific documents with this level of precision. Nor is there one volume with as much intellectual depth and breadth on this crucial topic.”—Robert Samuel Smith, The Journal of Southern History

    Reviews

  • “[T]he best available collection of scholarly articles, activist-group statements, and government decisions [on] reparations . . . for African-Americans.”—Joe R. Feagin, American Journal of Sociology

    “[E]ach paper makes a distinct contribution. In addition, the chapters are accompanied by a final section that contains numerous important documents related to the issue of slavery reparations, including legislation, government resolutions, lawsuits, activist declarations, and case study summaries. . . . [F]or the reparations researcher it is extremely useful to have all of these documents compiled into one source. For the sociologist, the volume contributes to our empirical and sociolegal understanding of slavery reparations.”—Andrew Woolford, Canadian Journal of Sociology

    "[S]tudents . . . will find this to be a useful, well-indexed reader. Recommended."—J. D. Smith, Choice

    “[T]he best available collection of scholarly articles, activist-group statements, and government decisions [on] reparations . . . for African-Americans.”--Joe R. Feagin, American Journal of Sociology—Joe R. Feagin, American Journal of Sociology

    “Redress will serve as an important handbook for reparations scholars and activists, giving the arguments and data necessary to rethink the movement and to move forward in a constructive manner. . . . Reparations needs some prophets and perhaps it will get some from those who read and are inspired by Martin and Yaquinto’s important volume.”—Alfred L. Brophy, Register of the Kentucky Historical Society

    “For educators, this book is fundamentally useful. . . . Most helpful for the classroom, though, is the final section of primary sources. These include federal acts and resolutions, state legislation, municipal resolutions, seminal documents from activist organizations, case studies of redress, and opinions from key lawsuits. I doubt there is another work that houses these reparations-specific documents with this level of precision. Nor is there one volume with as much intellectual depth and breadth on this crucial topic.”—Robert Samuel Smith, The Journal of Southern History

  • “A truly impressive achievement in its range of approaches, depth of analysis, and variety of sources, this book should immediately become the definitive text on the subject of reparations for black Americans.”— Charles W. Mills, John Evans Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy, Northwestern University

    “It will be far harder to dismiss the deeply resonant and persistent demand for reparations in the wake of this remarkable collection of interdisciplinary research and historical documentation. This monumental work is ideal for teaching how history and policy intersect.”—David Roediger, Kendrick C. Babcock Professor of History, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

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  • Description

    An exceptional resource, this comprehensive reader brings together primary and secondary documents related to efforts to redress historical wrongs against African Americans. These varied efforts are often grouped together under the rubric “reparations movement,” and they are united in their goal of “repairing” the injustices that have followed from the long history of slavery and Jim Crow. Yet, as this collection reveals, there is a broad range of opinions as to the form that repair might take. Some advocates of redress call for apologies; others for official acknowledgment of wrongdoing; and still others for more tangible reparations: monetary compensation, government investment in disenfranchised communities, the restitution of lost property and rights, and repatriation.

    Written by activists and scholars of law, political science, African American studies, philosophy, economics, and history, the twenty-six essays include both previously published articles and pieces written specifically for this volume. Essays theorize the historical and legal bases of claims for redress; examine the history, strengths, and limitations of the reparations movement; and explore its relation to human rights and social justice movements in the United States and abroad. Other essays evaluate the movement’s primary strategies: legislation, litigation, and mobilization. While all of the contributors support the campaign for redress in one way or another, some of them engage with arguments against reparations.

    Among the fifty-three primary documents included in the volume are federal, state, and municipal acts and resolutions; declarations and statements from organizations including the Black Panther Party and the NAACP; legal briefs and opinions; and findings and directives related to the provision of redress, from the Oklahoma Commission to Study the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 to the mandate for the Greensboro Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Redress for Historical Injustices in the United States is a thorough assessment of the past, present, and future of the modern reparations movement.

    Contributors. Richard F. America, Sam Anderson, Martha Biondi, Boris L. Bittker, James Bolner, Roy L. Brooks, Michael K. Brown, Robert S. Browne, Martin Carnoy, Chiquita Collins, J. Angelo Corlett, Elliott Currie, William A. Darity, Jr., Adrienne Davis, Michael C. Dawson, Troy Duster, Dania Frank, Robert Fullinwider, Charles P. Henry, Gerald C. Horne, Robert Johnson, Jr., Robin D. G. Kelley, Jeffrey R. Kerr-Ritchie, Theodore Kornweibel, Jr., David Lyons, Michael T. Martin, Douglas S. Massey , Muntu Matsimela , C. J. Munford, Yusuf Nuruddin, Charles J. Ogletree Jr., Melvin L. Oliver, David B. Oppenheimer, Rovana Popoff, Thomas M. Shapiro, Marjorie M. Shultz, Alan Singer, David Wellman, David R. Williams, Eric K. Yamamoto, Marilyn Yaquinto

    About The Author(s)

    Michael T. Martin is Professor of African American and African Diaspora Studies and Director of the Black Film Center/Archive at Indiana University. He is the editor of New Latin American Cinema and Cinemas of the Black Diaspora and a coeditor of Studies of Development and Change in the Modern World.

    Marilyn Yaquinto is Assistant Professor of Communication at Truman State University. She is the author of Pump ‘Em Full of Lead: A Look at Gangsters on Film and a former journalist with the Los Angeles Times.
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