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"The Disappearing Mestizo is a compelling work with important implications for colonial race studies. Considering how diversity was visualized, recorded, and experienced in colonial Spanish America, Joanne Rappaport argues against ethnoracial constructs as strictly genealogical or based on skin coloration, and she challenges the assumption that the fluid classifications of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries hardened into a more elaborate caste system by the eighteenth. Above all, Rappaport questions how scholars of colonial Latin America have created models to explain disparities and discrimination."—Nancy E. van Deusen, Between the Sacred and the Worldly: The Institutional and Cultural Practice of Recogimiento in Colonial Lima
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Much of the scholarship on difference in colonial Spanish America has been based on the "racial" categorizations of indigeneity, Africanness, and the eighteenth-century Mexican castas system. Adopting an alternative approach to the question of difference, Joanne Rappaport examines what it meant to be mestizo (of mixed parentage) in the early colonial era. She draws on lively vignettes culled from the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century archives of the New Kingdom of Granada (modern-day Colombia) to show that individuals classified as "mixed" were not members of coherent sociological groups. Rather, they slipped in and out of the mestizo category. Sometimes they were identified as mestizos, sometimes as Indians or Spaniards. In other instances, they identified themselves by attributes such as their status, the language that they spoke, or the place where they lived. The Disappearing Mestizo suggests that processes of identification in early colonial Spanish America were fluid and rooted in an epistemology entirely distinct from modern racial discourses.