Acknowledgments  ix

Introduction: We Shall Be All: Toward a Transnational History of the Middle Class / A. Ricardo López with Barbara Weinstein  1

Part I: The Making of the Middle Class and Practices of Modernity  27

Thinking about Modernity from the Margins: The Making of a Middle Class in Colonial India / Sanjay Joshi  29

The African Middle Class in Zimbabwe: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives / Michael O. West  45

Between Modernity and Backwardness: The Case of the English Middle Class / Simon Gunn  58

"Aren't We All?": Aspiration, Acquisition, and the American Middle Class / Marina Moskowitz  75

The Gatekeepers: Middle-Class Campaigns of Citizenship in Early Cold War Canada / Franca Iacovetta  87

Commentary on Part I / Barbara Weinstein  107

Part II: Labor Professionalization, Class Formation, and State Rule  119

The Conundrum of the Middle-Class Worker in the Twentieth-Century United States: The Professional Managerial Workers' (Folk) Dance around Class / Daniel J. Walkowitz  121

Becoming Middle Class: The Local History of a Global Story—Colonial Bombay, 1890–1940 / Prashant Kidambi  141

Conscripts of Democracy: The Formation of a Professional Middle Class in Bogotá During the 1950s and Early 1960s / A. Ricardo López  161

The Formation of the Revolutionary Middle Class during the Mexican Revolution / Michael A. Ervin  196

Commentary on Part II / Mary Kay Vaughan  223

Part III: Middle-Class Politics in Revolution  233

A Middle Class Revolution: The APRA Party and Middle-Class Identity in Peru, 1931–1956 / Iñigo García-Bryce  235

Revolutionary Promises Encounter Urban Realities for Mexico City's Middle Class, 1915–1928 / Susanne Eineigel  253

Being Middle Class and Being Arab: Sectarian Dilemmas and Middle-Class Modernity in the Arab Middle East, 1908–1936 / Keith David Watenpaugh  267

Commentary on Part III / Brian Owensby  288

Part IV: Middle-Class Politics and the Making of the Public Sphere  297

The City as a Field of Female Civic Action: Women and Middle-Class Formation in Nineteenth-Century Germany / Gisela Mettele  299

Putting Faith in the Middle Class: the Bourgeoisie, Catholicism, and Postrevolutionary France / Carol E. Harrison  315

Siúticos, Huachafos, Cursis, Arribistas, and Gente de Medio Pelo: Social Climbers and the Representation of Class in Chile and Peru, 1860–1930 / David S. Parker  335

"Los Argentinos Descendemos de los Barcos": The Racial Articulation of Middle-Class Identity in Argentina, 1920–1960 / Enrique Garguin  355

Commentary on Part IV / Robyn Muncy  377

Afterword / Mrinalini Sinha  385

Bibliography  395

Contributors  431

Index  435

A. Ricardo López

Barbara Weinstein

Sanjay Joshi

Simon Gunn

Martha Moskowitz

Franca Iacovetta

Daniel J. Walkowitz

Prashant Kidambi

Michael A. Ervin

Mary Kay Vaughan

Iñigo García-Bryce

Susanne Eineigel

Keith David Watenpaugh

Brian Owensby

Gisela Mettele

Carol E. Harrison

David S. Parker

Enrique Garguin

Robyn Muncy

Mrinalini Sinha

“The Making of the Middle Class brings together new work on a subject—the history of the middle class—that has previously seen only fragmented historical discussion.Yet, the volume does more than simply bring the middle classes back into the fold of global history. Rather, by taking a transnational lens, it has spurred an ambitious project to connect the history of the middle classes to broader discussions onglobal cultural identities, the history of globalization, practices of modernity, imperialism, and neoliberalism.”—Lisa Ubelaker Andrade, H-Soz-u-Kult, H-Net Reviews

“The Making of the Middle Class brings together new work on a subject—the history of the middle class—that has previously seen only fragmented historical discussion.Yet, the volume does more than simply bring the middle classes back into the fold of global history. Rather, by taking a transnational lens, it has spurred an ambitious project to connect the history of the middle classes to broader discussions onglobal cultural identities, the history of globalization, practices of modernity, imperialism, and neoliberalism.”—Lisa Ubelaker Andrade, H-Soz-u-Kult, H-Net Reviews

"The Making of the Middle Class is a first-rate collection of essays by top scholars writing on a topic of enormous interest: the middle class as an evolving conception and historical reality. The contributors focus on locales around the world. While the issues that they raise take locally specific forms, their essays converge around shared central questions, giving this stimulating collection a rare intellectual unity and focus."—Michael Frisch, University at Buffalo, SUNY

"Both materially grounded and sensitive to notions of subjectivity and discourse, this timely and provocative volume challenges us to historicize the multiple, transnational formations and meanings of the middle class. Modernity itself is thus recast as a set of entangled, locally rooted processes that did not begin in 'the West' and travel elsewhere, but were mutually constituted and reconstituted in a global and colonial context."—Florencia E. Mallon, University of Wisconsin, Madison

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