Acknowledgments ix

Introduction 1

Part I. The Literary Logics of Political Engagement 11

1. Choices under Constraints 13

2. The Responsibility of the Writer 81

3. Literary Salvation and the Literature of Salvation: François Mauriac and Henry Bordeaux 158

Part II. Literary Institutions and National Crisis 187

4. The Sense of Duty: The French Academy 191

5. The Sense of Scandal: The Goncourt Academy 243

6. The Sense of Distinction: The "NRF Spirit" 293

7. The Sense of Subversion: The Comité national des écrivains (CNE) 362

Part III. Literary Justice 437

8. The Literary Court 439

9. Literary Institutions and National Reconstruction 491

Conclusion 537

Appendix 1: Presentation of the Survey 551

Appendix 2: The Social Recruitment of the Literary Field and of Its Institutions 561

Notes 573

Bibliography 677

Name Index 721

“Gisèle Sapiro’s La Guerre des écrivains originally appeared in 1999. This welcome, if belated, translation after a gap of fifteen years reflects its considerable impact on literary and cultural studies of the Occupation of France since then….What undoubtedly accounts for much of the success of The French Writers’ War 1940–1953 is its impressive mastery of a huge amount of data on French literary production of the interwar years and the aftermath of the Occupation: publishers, literary journals and reviews, and a near exhaustive coverage of the writers themselves.” — Nicholas Hewitt, Times Literary Supplement

“The French Writers’ War is an ambitious project. Sapiro has amply succeeded in providing a comprehensive study of four literary institutions, the writers who composed them, and the decisions these figures made before, during, and after the occupation…. The French Writers’ War is an illuminating book and Sapiro deserves to be warmly thanked for her contribution.” — Mattie Fitch, H-War, H-Net Reviews

“Gisèle Sapiro’s La Guerre des écrivains originally appeared in 1999. This welcome, if belated, translation after a gap of fifteen years reflects its considerable impact on literary and cultural studies of the Occupation of France since then….What undoubtedly accounts for much of the success of The French Writers’ War 1940–1953 is its impressive mastery of a huge amount of data on French literary production of the interwar years and the aftermath of the Occupation: publishers, literary journals and reviews, and a near exhaustive coverage of the writers themselves.” —Nicholas Hewitt, Times Literary Supplement

“The French Writers’ War is an ambitious project. Sapiro has amply succeeded in providing a comprehensive study of four literary institutions, the writers who composed them, and the decisions these figures made before, during, and after the occupation…. The French Writers’ War is an illuminating book and Sapiro deserves to be warmly thanked for her contribution.” —Mattie Fitch, H-War, H-Net Reviews

"Gisèle Sapiro has written a brilliant book about the most culturally contested period in twentieth century France. Many have asked why some writers worked with the Vichy authorities, while others resisted. The French Writers' War, 1940–1953, is a nuanced and deeply researched explanation grounded in the historical interactions between France's literary and political fields. Impressively and in depth, Sapiro explains individual writers' motivations and choices, as well as those of major literary groups." — Herman Lebovics, author of, Imperialism and the Corruption of Democracies

"There is no doubt that The French Writers' War, 1940–1953, is an important contribution to French historical and sociological scholarship, and that it fully deserved the accolades it received, not only in France but in Germany and elsewhere in Europe, when it first appeared, as well as among French historians in the United States. It is the fruit of exhaustive research and a highly original work." — Susan Rubin Suleiman, author of, Crises of Memory and the Second World War

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