Preface to the Second Edition ix

Introduction 1

I. From Africa Through Early America

1. Traditional Ibo Religion and Culture / Olaudah Equiano 13

2. African Religions in Colonial Jamaica / Bryan Edwards 20

3. Slave Conversion on the Carolina Frontier / Francis Le Jau 25

4. "Address to the Negroes in the State of New York" / Jupiter Hammon 34

5. Letters from Pioneer Black Baptists / George Liele and Andrew Bryan 44

6. A Black Puritan's Farewell / Lemuel Haynes 52

II. Slave Religions in the Antebellum South

7. Plantation Churches: Visible and Invisible / Peter Randolph 63

8. "Proud of the 'Ole Time' Religion" / Sister Kelly 69

9. Conjuration and Witchcraft / Henry Bibb 76

10. "Great Moral Dilemma" / James W.C. Pennington 81

11. Religion and Slave Insurrection / Nat Turner 89

12. Slaveholding Religion and the Christianity of Christ / Frederick Douglass 102

13. Slave Songs and Spirituals / Thomas Wentworth Higginson 112

III. Black Churches North of Slavery and the Freedom Struggle

14. "Life Experience and Gospel Labors" / Richard Allen 139

15. Rise of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church / Christopher Rush 155

16. A Female Preacher among the African Methodists / Jarena Lee 164

17. African Baptists Celebrate Emancipation in New York State / Nathaniel Paul 185

18. "Our Wretchedness in Consequence of the Preachers of Religion" / David Walker 193

19. "Mrs. Stewart's Farewell Address to Her Friends in the City of Boston" / Maria Stewart 202

20. "To the Citizens of New York" / Peter Williams 211

21. Black Churches in New York City, 1840 / Charles B. Ray 218

22. Protesting the "Negro Pew" / Jeremiah Asher 224

23. "I Will Not Live a Slave" / Jermain W. Loguen 228

24. "Welcome to the Ransomed" / Daniel Alexander Payne 232

IV. Freedom's Time of Trial: 1865-World War I

25. From Slave to Preacher among the Freedmen / Isaac lane 245

26. "The Colored Methodist Episcopal Church" / Lucius H. Holsey 252

27. Black Religion in the Post-Reconstruction South / William Wells Brown 256

28. "Education in the A.M.E. Church" / Daniel Alexander Payne 261

29. The Travail of a Female Colored Evangelist / Amanda Smith 270

30. "The Regeneration of Africa" / Alexander Crummell 282

31. Emigration to Africa / Henry McNeal Turner 289

32. The First African American Catholic Congress, 1889 / African American Catholics 296

33. 1899 Presidential Address to the National Baptist Convention / Elias C. Morris 301

34. Bishop C.H. Mason, Church of God in Christ / Elsie W. Mason 314

35. "Of the Faith of the Fathers" / W.E.B. Dubois 325

36. "The Race Problem in a Christian State, 1906" / Reverdy C. Ransom 337

37. "What Induced Me to Build a School in the Rural District" / Rosa Young 347

V. From the Great Migration to World war II

38. Address on the Great Migration / African Methodist Episcopal Council of Bishops 359

39. "Dear Mary" and "My dear Sister" / Letters on the Second Exodus 364

40. Social Work at Olivet Baptist Church / S. Mattie Fisher and Mrs. Jessie Mapp 368

41. Effects of Urbanization on Religious Life / Lacy Kirk Williams 372

42. Report of the Work of Baptist Women / Nannie H. Burroughs 376

43. Address to the Suehn Industrial Mission, Liberia / Jasper C. Caston 403

A Letter from the "Foreign Field" / Lula E. Cooper 410

44. "Things of the Spirit" / Carter G. Woodson 415

45. "The Genius of the Negro Church" / Benjamin E. Mays and Joseph W. Nicholson 423

46. "The Churches of Bronzeville" / St. Clair Drake and Horace R. Clayton 435

VI. Twentieth-Century Religious Alternatives

47. Garvey Tells His Own Story / Marcus Garvey 453

48. "Organized Religion and the Cults" / Miles Mark Fischer 464

49. Black Judaism in Harlem / Rabbi Matthew 473

50. "The Realness of God, to you-wards..." / Father Divine 478

51. Elder Lucy Smith / Herbert Morrisohn Smith 487

52. "Self-Government in the New World" / Wallace D. Muhammad 499

VII. CIvil Rights, Black Theology, and Beyond

53. "National Baptist Philosophy of Civil Rights" / Joseph H. Jackson 511

54. "Letter from Birmingham Jail--April 16, 1963" / Martin Luther King, Jr. 519

55. Singing of Good Tidings and Freedom /Mahalia Jackson 536

56. "The Anatomy of Segregation and Ground of Hope" / Howard Thurman 548

57. "Black Power" Statement, July 31, 1966, and "Black Theology" Statement, June 13, 1969 555

58. "Black Theology and the Black Church: Where Do We Go From Here?" / James H. Cone 567

59. "The Black Churches: A New Agenda" / Lawrence N. Jones 580

Index 589

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