Changing Tropical Forests

Introduction / Harold K. Steen vii

Keynote Addresses

Perceptions of Deforestation in Tropical Areas: The Last 50 Years / Gerardo Budowski 1

The Tasks of Latin American Environmental History / Warren Dean 5

Section I: Central America

Microfossils and Forest History in Costa Rica / Sally P. Horn 16

Exploitation of Natural Resources in Colonial Central America: Indian and Spanish Approaches / Murdo J. MacLeod 31

Environmental History of La Selva Biological Station: How Colonization and Deforestation of Sarapiqui Canton, Costa Rica, Have Altered the Ecological Content of the Station / Susan M. Pierce 40

Deforestation and Changing Land-Use Patterns in Costa Rica / Mary Pamela Lehmann 58

Perspectives on Educational Programs and Policies Underlying Natural Resources Development in the Canton of Coto Brus: A Case Study of a Rural Costa Rican Community / Robert D. Leier 77

History of Protected Areas and Their Management in Central America / James R. Barborak 93

Section II: Mexico

Maya Urbanism and Ecological Change / Elizabeth Graham and David M. Pendergast 102

La Importancia Ecologica Y Economica De Las Tecnologias Tradicionales En La Agri- Y Silvicultura En Areas De Bosque Tropical Humedo En Mexico / Rhena Hoffmann 110

Tropical Forest Policy and Practice During the Mexican Porfiriato, 1876–1910 / Herman W. Konrad 123

The Long-Term Effects of the Introduction of Sheep into Semi-Arid Sub-Tropical Regions / Elinor G. K. Melville 144

Problems of Forest Conservation: A Feasible Mechanism for Biodiversity Conservation / Silvia del Amo R 154

Section III: Brazil and Amazonia

Urban Growth, Economic Expansion, and Deforestation in Late Colonial Rio de Janeiro / Larissa V. Brown 165

Forest Management in Brazil: A Historical Perspective / Sebastião Kengen 176

Indigenous History and Amazonian Biodiversity / William Balée 185

Como El Hombre Se Aposó De La Tierra Indígena En El "Pontal Do Paranapanema" En El Estado De "São Paulo" / J. Régis Guillaumon 198

Promise and Performance of Industrial Plantations in Two Regions of Australia and Brazil / John Dargavel and Sebastião Kengen 217

The Environmental History of Amazonia: Natural and Human Disturbances, and the Ecological Transition / Leslie E. Sponsel 233

Section IV: Timber Extraction and Forestry Since Colonial Times

Exploitation and Management of the Surinam Forests 1600–1975 / Peter Boomgaard 252

Foreign Investors, Timber Extraction, and Forest Depletion in Central America Before 1941 / Richard P. Tucker 265

USDA Forest Service Involvement in Post World War II International Forestry / Terry West 277

Latin America and the Creation of a Global Forest Industry / M. Patricia Marchak 292

Author Affiliation 301