European Energy Challenge

Tables ix

Figures xi

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xv

Abbreviations xvii

A Note on the Statistical Base for This Study xix

Comparative Measurements xxi

Introduction xxiii

1. Europe's Energy Dilemma: Its Impact on Developments in the 1980s 1

2. Energy Endowment, Trends, and Options in the 1980s 28

3. Energy Efficiency and Conservation in Eastern and Western Europe 89

4. The Soviet Union as an Increasingly Important Provider of Energy Supplies 113

5. Dependable Energy Supplies and Security Implications for Western Europe 136

Appendix A. Primary Energy Consumption by Type, 1960–90 157

Appendix B. Primary Energy Balance Sheet, 1960–82 161

Appendix C. Solid Fuels Balance Sheet, 1960–82 165

Appendix D. Gaseous Fuels Balance Sheet, 1960–82 169

Appendix E. Liquid Fuels Balance Sheet, 1960–82 173

Glossary 177

Notes 180

Selected Bibliography 200

Index 205

Biographical Note 209