Acknowledgments  ix

Introduction: Revolutions, Nations, and a New Industrial World / John Tutino  1

Part I. Hemispheric Challenges

1. The Americas in the Rise of Industrial Capitalism / John Tutino  25

2. The Cádiz Liberal Revolution and Spanish American Independence / Roberto Brena  71

Part II. Atlantic Transformations

3. Union, Capitalism, and Slavery in the "Rising Empire" of the United States / Adam Rothman  107

4. From Slave Colony to Black Nation: Haiti's Revolutionary Inversion / Carolyn Fick  138

5. Cuban Counterpoint: Colonialism and Continuity in the Atlantic World / David Sartorius  175

6. Atlantic Transformations and Brazil's Imperial Independence / Kirsten Schultz  201

Part III. Spanish American Inversions

7. Becoming Mexico: The Conflictive Search for a North American Nation / Alfredo Avila and John Tutino  233

8. The Republic of Guatemala: Stitching Together a New Country / Jordana Dym  178

9. From One Patria, Two Nations in the Andean Heartland / Sarah C. Chambers  316

10. Indigenous Independence in Spanish South America / Erick D. Langer  350

Epilogue. Consolidating Divergence: The Americas and the World after 1850 / Erick D. Langer and John Tutino  376

Contributors  387

Index  389

"New Countries offers a powerful correction to Atlantic and world histories of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that still privilege Anglophone or Francophone worlds when explaining the rise of democratic republicanism and industrialization. It bridges the often arbitrary colonial-national divide while addressing many of the most active debates in Latin American history, including critiques that the literature so concerned with culture and politics has neglected the economic realm. This volume wisely insists we separate them at our peril." — James E. Sanders, author of, The Vanguard of the Atlantic World: Creating Modernity, Nation, and Democracy in Nineteenth-Century

"A remarkable and challenging collection of essays brought together by a historian who has challenged us in expansive ways on his own. Students at all levels and in several disciplines interested in what a global perspective might look like and how we might better think about the development of nations, empires, and capitalism will find New Countries both stimulating and valuable." — Steven Hahn author of, A Nation without Borders: The United States and Its World in an Age of Civil Wars 1830-1910

"This wonderful anthology offers something more important than the sum of each of its stellar essays. New Countries reestablishes the coherence (even as it recognizes the diversity) of early nineteenth-century movements across the Americas. It should be read not just by historians of Latin America but by all scholars interested in new international history, particularly the New World origins of modern systems of exploitation, principles of sovereignty, and ideas of liberation."  — Greg Grandin, author of, The Empire of Necessity: Slavery, Freedom, and Deception in the New World

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