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Re-enchanting Modernity

Ritual Economy and Society in Wenzhou, China

Book

Pages: 384

Illustrations: 44 illustrations

Published: May 2020

Author: Mayfair Yang

In Re-enchanting Modernity Mayfair Yang examines the resurgence of religious and ritual life after decades of enforced secularization in the coastal area of Wenzhou, China. Drawing on twenty-five years of ethnographic fieldwork, Yang shows how the local practices of popular religion, Daoism, and Buddhism are based in community-oriented grassroots organizations that create spaces for relative local autonomy and self-governance. Central to Wenzhou's religious civil society is what Yang calls a "ritual economy," in which an ethos of generosity is expressed through donations to temples, clerics, ritual events, and charities in exchange for spiritual gain. With these investments in transcendent realms, Yang adopts Georges Bataille's notion of "ritual expenditures" to challenge the idea that rural Wenzhou's economic development can be described in terms of Max Weber's notion of a "Protestant Ethic". Instead, Yang suggests that Wenzhou's ritual economy forges an alternate path to capitalist modernity.

Praise

“Mayfair Yang's wonderful ethnography reveals an alternative ‘ritual economy’ under the dizzying churn of market relations in China. It is attuned to giving, reciprocity, and the materialization of a social and spiritual life. While committed to wealth-making, the people of Wenzhou are by the same token committed to the health of their communal lives.” - Prasenjit Duara, Duke University

“Mayfair Yang's compelling account of the re-enchantment of everyday life in Wenzhou, China, reveals lines of flight through which re-ritualization reworks capitalist accumulation to produce new communal relations. A must-read for anyone interested in alternative possibilities for China's future.” - Kenneth Dean, Raffles Professor of Humanities, National University of Singapore

"An engaging, diachronic portrayal of recent religious developments… I strongly recommend it to readers interested in these topics, and I would also recommend sections of it for certain graduate and advanced undergraduate classes on Buddhism." - Douglas Gildow, H-Buddhism, H-Net Reviews

"Re-enchanting Modernity clearly deserves recognition for its presentation of salient ethnographic data combined with innovated inquires, all of which calls our attention to the resilience of Chinese religious beliefs and practices while adapting to the challenges of the modern era. . . . Yang's findings should inspire future generations of scholars to undertake further ethnographic research on this vitally important topic." - Paul R. Katz, Review of Religion and Chinese Society

"Re-enchanting Modernity is a terrific study of the relationship between religion, state, and civil society in post-Mao China. . . . A must-read." - Jules Zhao Liu, China Review International

"Re-enchanting Modernity presents a very intriguing and in-depth ethnographic investigation of religion and ritual in modern China." - Yujie Zhu, Journal of Anthropological Research

"Yang’s book is an excellent contribution to a growing body of scholarship examining post-Mao China’s religious resurgences and the broader conditions under which modernity brings about the (re)production of new and older forms of enchantment. I also find the book highly relevant and refreshing in providing insight into some of the complexities of rural China’s emerging religious civil society in ways that defy and push back against the current resurgence of Orientalism in the 'liberal' West with respect to 'illiberal' China." - Micah F. Morton, Anthropos

"This book contains some of the most compelling analyses of Chinese society I have read, and it will continue to nourish future debates. As Yang powerfully suggests, pluralized discussions of civil society and the ritual economy may help bring alternative visions of society and economy into being." - Jiazhi Fengjiang, Pacific Affairs

"The book is very well organized and provides a clear exposition of the principal theoretical concept of ritual and some highly pertinent ethnographic cases from Wenzhou of lineages, their halls and their ritual activities. . . . The empirical cases are very well chosen and comprehensively presented. Yang is clearly well versed in the anthropology study of Chinese religions and is skillful in navigating the conceptual issues in this field." - Man Guo, The China Quarterly

"Mayfair Yang’s exciting and rich ethnography informed by critical theory stands alone among other books on the restoration of religious traditions in post-Mao China in examining religious and ritual associations and activity as grassroots forms of voluntary association and civil society with value for communities, as economic stimulus, and as brakes on overheated capital accumulation at the heart of unsustainable wealth inequality. This book... is a must-read for anyone interested in alternative trajectories of development and examples of what resilient local cultures look like in practice." - Brian J. Nichols, Journal of Asian Studies

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Author/Editor Bios

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Mayfair Yang is Professor of Religious Studies and East Asian Languages and Cultural Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara; author of Gifts, Favors, and Banquets: The Art of Social Relationships in China; and editor of Chinese Religiosities: Afflictions of Modernity and State Formation and Spaces of Their Own: Women's Public Sphere in Transnational China.

Table Of Contents

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Acknowledgments  ix
Part I. Introduction  1
1. From "Superstition" to "People's Customs": An Ethnographic Discovery of Key Questions in Wenzhou  1
2. The Wenzhou Model of Rural Development in China  32
Part II. Religious Diversity and Syncretism in Wenzhou  49
3. Popular Registry: Deities, Spirit Mediums, Ancestors, Ghosts, and Fengshui  51
4. Daoism: Ancient Gods, Boisterous Rituals, and Hearthside Priests  92
5. Buddhist Religiosity: The Wheel of Life, Death, and Rebirth  125
Part III. Religious Civil Society and Ritual Economy  159
6. Sprouts of Religious Civil Society: Temples, Localities, and Communities  161
7. The Rebirth of the Lineage: Creative Unfolding and Multiplicity of Forms  190
8. Of Mothers, Goddesses, and Bodhisattvas: Patriarchal Structures and Women's Religious Agency  224
9. Broadening and Pluralizing the Modern Category of "Civil Society": A Friendly Quarrel with Durkhelm  257
10. What's Missing in the Wenzhou Model?  The "Ritual Economy" and "Wasting of Wealth"  279
Conclusion  315
Appendix A. Chronology of Chinese Dynasties  321
Appendix B. Notes on Currency, Weights, Measurements, and Chinese Romanization and Pronunciation  323
Appendix C. Religious Sites Visited in Wenzhou by Author, 1990–2016  325
Notes  331
Glossary  335
References  345
Index  365

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Additional Information

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Related Links Paper ISBN: 978-1-4780-0827-9 / Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-4780-0775-3 / eISBN: 978-1-4780-0924-5 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478009245