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Settler Militarism

World War II in Hawai'i and the Making of US Empire

Book

Pages: 256

Illustrations: 8 illustrations

Published: November 2024

Author: Juliet Nebolon

Under martial law during World War II, Hawaiʻi was located at the intersection of home front and war front. In Settler Militarism, Juliet Nebolon shows how settler colonialism and militarization simultaneously perpetuated, legitimated, and concealed one another in wartime Hawaiʻi for the purposes of empire building in Asia and the Pacific Islands. She demonstrates how settler militarism operated through a regime of racial liberal biopolitics that purported to protect all people in Hawaiʻi, even as it intensified the racial and colonial differentiation of Kanaka Maoli, Asian settlers, and white settlers. Nebolon identifies settler militarism’s inherent contradiction: It depends on life, labor, and land to reproduce itself, yet it avariciously consumes, via violent and extractive projects, those same lives and natural resources that it needs to subsist. From vaccination and blood bank programs to the administration of internment and prisoner-of-war camps, Nebolon reveals how settler militarism and racial liberal biopolitics operated together in the service of capitalism. Collectively, the social reproduction of these regimes created the conditions for the late-twentieth-century expansion of US military empire.

Praise

Settler Militarism is a timely and urgently needed analysis of settler colonial governance and US militarism. Juliet Nebolon adeptly theorizes ‘settler militarism’ as a confluence of biopolitical regimes, racialized social reproduction, wartime pedagogies, and colonial-military spatial practices deployed in the name of national security to justify Native Hawaiian land dispossession. This book is a vital and invaluable contribution to key discussions and debates within settler colonial studies, Native American and Indigenous studies, American studies, and histories of US imperial militarism.” - Alyosha Goldstein, author of Poverty in Common: The Politics of Community Action during the American Century

“Juliet Nebolon draws from a deep archival well to theorize a regime of biopolitical governance in Hawai‘i that flexibly utilizes a varied repertoire of ‘life-giving’ that camouflages the economy of death at its core. Ultimately, Nebolon demonstrates that the settler militarist project is driven by occupation and control over land and territory and the beings that inhabit it. Illuminating wartime Hawai‘i with analytical sophistication and care, Settler Militarism will enrich the fields of Asian American and American studies.” - Vernadette Vicuña Gonzalez, author of Securing Paradise: Tourism and Militarism in Hawai‘i and the Philippines

"This thoughtful and meticulously researched book opens new avenues for understanding both historical and contemporary military presence in Hawai?i." - Kawena Elkington, Antipode

"Nebolon’s breakdown of land acquisition via lease, license, permit, land condemnation, and executive order will be extremely helpful for anyone seeking to understand the history of land in Hawai?i." - Haylee Makana Kushi, Antipode

"In this compellingly researched and argued book, Juliet Nebolon presents a nuanced exploration of settler militarism as a mechanism of control, power, and oppression that benefits both the nation and capitalism." - Kelema Lee Moses, Antipode

"This book offers a nuanced account of the subtle and specific ways that the intersection of settler colonialism and warmaking encroaches upon lifeways, consciousness, and desires." - Laurel Mei-Singh, Antipode

"Nebolon’s detailed excavation of some of the mechanisms through which settler militarism has influenced everyday life . . . helps us think through settler militarism’s persistent mutating presence, even in spaces of Indigenous resurgence." - Mariko Whitenack, Journal of Transnational American Studies

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Author/Editor Bios

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Juliet Nebolon is Assistant Professor of American Studies at Trinity College.

Table Of Contents

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Acknowledgments  ix
Introduction: Settler Militarism, Racial Liberal Biopolitics, and Social Reproduction  1
1. “National Defense Is Based on Land”: Landscapes of Settler Militarism in Hawaiʻi  20
2. “Life Given Straight from the Heart”: Securing Body, Base, and Nation under Martial Law  47
3. “The First Line of Defense Is Our Home”: Settler Military Domesticity in World War II-Era Hawaiʻi  72
4. “A Citizenship Laboratory”: Education and Language Reform in the Wartime Classroom 103
5. Settler Military Camps: Internment and Prisoner of War Camps across the Pacific Islands  129
Conclusion: The Making of US Empire  155
Notes  163
Bibliography  217
Index  231

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Sales/Territorial Rights: World

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Awards

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Co-Winner of the 2026 Association for Asian American Studies History Book Award

Additional Information

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Paper ISBN: 978-1-4780-3101-7 / Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-4780-2677-8 / eISBN: 978-1-4780-6003-1 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478060031