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The Government of Beans

Regulating Life in the Age of Monocrops

Book

Pages: 296

Illustrations: 1 illustration

Published: May 2020

The Government of Beans is about the rough edges of environmental regulation, where tenuous state power and blunt governmental instruments encounter ecological destruction and social injustice. At the turn of the twenty-first century, Paraguay was undergoing dramatic economic, political, and environmental change due to a boom in the global demand for soybeans. Although the country's massive new soy monocrop brought wealth, it also brought deforestation, biodiversity loss, rising inequality, and violence. Kregg Hetherington traces well-meaning attempts by bureaucrats and activists to regulate the destructive force of monocrops that resulted in the discovery that the tools of modern government are at best inadequate to deal with the complex harms of modern agriculture and at worst exacerbate them. The book simultaneously tells a local story of people, plants, and government; a regional story of the rise and fall of Latin America's new left; and a story of the Anthropocene writ large, about the long-term, paradoxical consequences of destroying ecosystems in the name of human welfare.

Praise

The Government of Beans is an exhilarating read. Kregg Hetherington offers a brilliant theorization of agripolitics built up from the ground up through close observation of how dreams, schemes, laws and a host of small things (beans, trucks, measuring sticks, hedges, insects, traffic jams) transform lives and create new worlds. Anyone tempted by the idea that governing the Anthropocene means finding the right policy, or the right technology, or even the right kind of state should read this book.” - Tania Murray Li, author of Land’s End: Capitalist Relations on an Indigenous Frontier

“Stimulating, thought-provoking, and beautifully written, The Government of Beans explores what may be politically possible in the face of the overwhelming power of agribusiness and an ineffective and frequently corrupt government. This important and creative book brings histories, dreams, hopes, horrors, ambivalences, and practices to light.” - John Law, author of After Method: Mess in Social Science Research

“This well-written and important book is simultaneously a political and economic history of Paraguay, particularly its eastern part, and a depiction of a short historical period of radical politics on the part of the state.” - Annika Rabo, Anthropology Book Forum

“Hetherington’s book The Government of Beans offers a riveting (yes, riveting) account of the expansion of agroindustry and soy production in [Paraguay].... [His] book offers a particularly timely cautionary tale about the possibilities and limits of government....” - María Elena García, Public Books

The Government of Beans offers a cautionary tale about the risks of using the regulatory instruments of the state to limit the violence of the state.... [It] offer[s] a refined interdisciplinary lens to study the intricate workings of soy and power in South America.” - Daniela A. Marini, AAG Review of Books

“Recent state-society research in rural Argentina has produced important works on the politics of the GM soy boom.... Profoundly ethnographic and conceptually sophisticated, The Government of Beans is an excellent contribution to this literature from a Paraguayan perspective. This fine study deserves a wide interdisciplinary readership.” - Ezquerro-Cañete, Journal of Peasant Studies

"Hetherington’s interpretative approaches offer conceptual novelty for political ecology and science and technology studies. The government of beans is thus one of the seminal works that may introduce anthropological thinking about the Anthropocene (or the Plantationocene) to a much broader readership."
  - Desirée Kumpf, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute

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Author/Editor Bios

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Kregg Hetherington is Associate Professor of Anthropology at Concordia University. He is the editor of Infrastructure, Environment, and Life in the Anthropocene and author of Guerrilla Auditors: The Politics of Transparency in Neoliberal Paraguay, both also published by Duke University Press.

Table Of Contents

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Acknowledgments  vii
Introduction. Governing the Anthropocene  1
Part I. A Cast of Characters  19
1. The Accidental Monocrop  23
2. Killer Soy  32
3. The Absent State  43
4. The Living Barrier  53
5. The Plant Health Service  62
6. The Vast Tofu Conspiracy  70
Part II. An Experiment in Government  81
7. Capturing the Civil Service  85
8. Citizen Participation  96
9. Regulation by Denunciation  106
10. Citation, Sample, and Parallel States  120
11. Measurement as Tactical Sovereignty  130
12. A Massacre Where the Army Used to Be  144
Part III. Agribiopolitics  157
13. Plant Health and Human Health  163
14. A Philosophy of Life  174
15. Cotton, Welfare, and Genocide  184
16. Immunizing Welfare  194
17. Dummy Huts and the Labor of Killing  203
Conclusion. Remains of Experiments Past  216
Notes  223
Bibliography  257
Index 277

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Awards

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Winner of the 2021 APLA Book Prize in Critical Anthropology, presented by the Association for Political and Legal Anthropology section of the American Anthropological Association.

Winner, 2021 Julian Steward Award, presented by the Anthropology and Environment Society section of American Anthropological Association

Winner of the 2022 Rachel Carson Prize, presented by The Society for Social Studies of Science (4S)