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The Long War on Drugs

Book

Pages: 224

Illustrations: 14 illustrations

Published: December 2023

Author: Anne L. Foster

Since the early twentieth century, the United States has led a global prohibition effort against certain drugs in which production restriction and criminalization are emphasized over prevention and treatment as means to reduce problematic usage. This “war on drugs” is widely seen to have failed, and periodically decriminalization and legalization movements arise. Debates continue over whether the problems of addiction and crime associated with illicit use of drugs stem from their illegal status or the nature of the drugs themselves. In The Long War on Drugs Anne L. Foster explores the origin of the punitive approach to drugs and its continued appeal despite its obvious flaws. She provides a comprehensive overview, focusing not only on a political history of policy developments but also on changes in medical practices and understanding of drugs. Foster also outlines the social and cultural changes prompting different attitudes about drugs; the racial, environmental, and social justice implications of particular drug policies; and the international consequences of US drug policy.

Praise

The Long War on Drugs makes diplomatic history, the interaction between US domestic and regional drug policies, and social and cultural history work together to show how the present has been produced by the past. In beautiful prose, Anne L. Foster explains the diplomatic history of global prohibition and the various national interests it has supposedly served over time. Foster does a great job of bringing the current situation into view.” - Nancy D. Campbell, author of OD: Naloxone and the Politics of Overdose

“A smart, compelling, and accessible soup-to-nuts narrative history of US drug wars at home and abroad. It’s a terrific survey for newcomers that also advances the field with fresh insights and synthesis.” - David Herzberg, author of White Market Drugs: Big Pharma and the Hidden History of Addiction in America

"A strength of the book is Foster’s analysis of the influence of racist and colonialist beliefs on the choice of which drugs and forms of drugs (eg, crack vs crystalline cocaine) would be banned or heavily penalized. Another aspect to which she devotes a valuable chapter is the environmental damage (eg, deforestation, toxic byproducts) done by criminals attempting to evade detection and by governments attempting to eradicate crops (eg, defoliants such as agent orange, paraquat, and glyphosate). This topic receives relatively little attention in discussions about drug policy and perhaps should receive more as we begin to see the adverse health effects of these environmental impacts more clearly." - Paul Lazar, Family Medicine

“The book is a welcome contribution to the burgeoning scholarship on the intertwined history of legal and illegal drugs. . . . Close attention to the international origins and contexts of the U.S.-led war on drugs is among the book’s foremost strengths, as is Foster’s comparative analysis of the fluid and racially/politically constructed boundaries between medicinal and recreational use of narcotics and other controlled substances.”

- Matthew D. Lassiter, Perspectives on Politics

"Foster makes an important historical contribution to the vast body of scholarly research that demonstrates that the lengthy war on drugs has failed." - G. B. Osborne, Choice

"The Long War on Drugs is a fascinating story of how U.S. drug policy became global and why, despite its limitations, it has remained fundamentally unchanged for more than a century." - María-Celia Toro, Journal of American History

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Author/Editor Bios

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Anne L. Foster is Associate Professor of History at Indiana State University, author of Projections of Power: The United States and Europe in Colonial Southeast Asia, 1919–1941, and coeditor of The American Colonial State in the Philippines: Global Perspectives, both also published by Duke University Press.

Table Of Contents

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Acknowledgments  ix
Introduction. The Meaning of Drugs  1
1. The Many Uses of Drugs  5
Part I. The Battle for Prohibition, 1870–1940  15
2. Identifying the Problem  19
3. Deciding on Prohibition  31
4. International Conferences  42
5. Changing Practice and Policy in Medicine and Public Health  55
Part II. To a Declaration of a War on Drugs, 1940–1980  67
6. Opportunities of World War II and Its Aftermath  71
7. US Laws and International Conventions  82
8. Who Is Using?  96
9. War on Drugs Declared  109
Part III. Blurring the Lines, 1980–Present  123
10. Mandatory Minimums  127
11. Environmental Effects of the War on Drugs  139
12. Marijuana’s Different Path  152
13. New Challenges to the War on Drugs  164
Conclusion. Never-Ending War on Drugs?  175
Glossary  179
Notes  181
Suggestions for Further Reading  193
Index  199
 

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Additional Information

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Related Links Paper ISBN: 978-1-4780-2542-9 / Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-4780-2064-6 / eISBN: 978-1-4780-2755-3 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478027553