Acknowledgments  ix

Introduction  1

Part I. The Impetus for Change

1. Key Concepts Informing Early Conservation Thought  9

2. Wealthy People and the City: An Ambivalent Relationship  32

Part II. Manliness, Womanhood, Wealth, and Sport

3. Wealth, Manliness, and Exploring the Outdoors: Racial and Gender Dynamics  51

4. Wealth, Women, and Outdoor Pursuits  83

5. People of Color: Access to and Control of Resources  109

Part III. Wildlife Protection

6. Sport Hunting, Scarcity, and Wildlife Protection  161

7. Blaming Women, Immigrants, and Minorities for Bird Destruction  189

8. Challenging Wildlife Regulations and Understanding the Business-Conservation Connections  224

Part IV. Gender, Wealth, and Forest Conservation

9. Rural Beautification and Forest Conservation: Gender, Class, and Corporate Dynamics  257

10. Preservation, Conservation, and Business Interests Collide  290

11. National Park Preservation, Racism, and Business Relations  328

12. Nation Building, Racial Exclusion, and the Social Construction of Wildlands  350

Conclusion  383

Notes  399

References  407

Index  465

"This book counterbalances previous hagiographic portrayals of conservationists, examining and judging the past from the perspective of modern values but minimizing the contributions of scientists not part of the establishment. Nevertheless, the book should interest historians and naturalists. . . . Recommended. Graduate students, researchers, faculty." — J. S. Schwartz, Choice

"Taylor has produced an extremely helpful book that defines and contextualizes important laws, concepts, social groups, and people who participated, or were alienated by, the rising American conservation movement." — Margaret DePond, Environmental History

"An important addition to the historiography of the American conservation movement. . . . [Taylor's] synthesis of the ideas of the conservation movement, and the depth that she adds with her discussions of race and exclusion, in particular, make this work an important one for an understanding of the environmental history of the United States." — Kimberly A. Jarvis, Journal of Social History

"Taylor accomplishes a transformative feat of scholarship. . . . She has authored a book that challenges the dominant interpretive frameworks of the field of environmental history and deserves a central place in introductory and  ntermediate environmental courses. Just as importantly, she illuminates the overlapping historical roots of our present environmental predicament." — Jennifer Thomson, Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era

“Taylor’s book makes a valuable contribution to the ?eld by opening new areas of inquiry as to how the con?uences of class, race and gender can inform both environmental and social history.” — Nathan Perz, The Americas

"Taylor contributes a quarter of a century of groundbreaking work to environmental studies as a whole creating a work that does not reflect the idealist, transcendental, and romantic approaches to the environment or the utilitarian conservationist approach. Instead, Taylor presents a reasonable, measured argument in the face of ideologically charged social issues." — Anna Kirsch, U.S. Studies Online

"This book counterbalances previous hagiographic portrayals of conservationists, examining and judging the past from the perspective of modern values but minimizing the contributions of scientists not part of the establishment. Nevertheless, the book should interest historians and naturalists. . . . Recommended. Graduate students, researchers, faculty." —J. S. Schwartz, Choice

"Taylor has produced an extremely helpful book that defines and contextualizes important laws, concepts, social groups, and people who participated, or were alienated by, the rising American conservation movement." —Margaret DePond, Environmental History

"An important addition to the historiography of the American conservation movement. . . . [Taylor's] synthesis of the ideas of the conservation movement, and the depth that she adds with her discussions of race and exclusion, in particular, make this work an important one for an understanding of the environmental history of the United States." —Kimberly A. Jarvis, Journal of Social History

"Taylor accomplishes a transformative feat of scholarship. . . . She has authored a book that challenges the dominant interpretive frameworks of the field of environmental history and deserves a central place in introductory and  ntermediate environmental courses. Just as importantly, she illuminates the overlapping historical roots of our present environmental predicament." —Jennifer Thomson, Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era

“Taylor’s book makes a valuable contribution to the ?eld by opening new areas of inquiry as to how the con?uences of class, race and gender can inform both environmental and social history.” —Nathan Perz, The Americas

"Taylor contributes a quarter of a century of groundbreaking work to environmental studies as a whole creating a work that does not reflect the idealist, transcendental, and romantic approaches to the environment or the utilitarian conservationist approach. Instead, Taylor presents a reasonable, measured argument in the face of ideologically charged social issues." —Anna Kirsch, U.S. Studies Online

"The Rise of the American Conservation Movement is a daunting, ambitious, and comprehensive presentation and analysis of U.S. environmental history like none other. Dorceta E. Taylor amasses a wealth of data, including rich and moving biographies of people across the racial, class, and gender spectrum who played critical roles in shaping environmental thought and action in this country. This book will inspire you to reconsider nearly everything you think you know about environmental history." — David Naguib Pellow, Dehlsen Professor of Environmental Studies, UC Santa Barbara

"Pulling together a quarter-century of groundbreaking work, Dorceta E. Taylor unearths, documents, and examines the disproportionate price that low-income communities and people of color pay for our environmental ills. She lays bare the failings of our government and the environmental community to adequately address the inequities at the heart of widespread environmental injustice. And she shows how we can confront those shortcomings, strengthen the environmental safety net, and improve the quality of our democracy by making this movement look, think, and sound more like the nation it serves." — Rhea Suh, president, the Natural Resources Defense Council

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