Acknowledgments  ix

Introduction  1

Part I. The Impetus for Change

1. Key Concepts Informing Early Conservation Thought  9

2. Wealthy People and the City: An Ambivalent Relationship  32

Part II. Manliness, Womanhood, Wealth, and Sport

3. Wealth, Manliness, and Exploring the Outdoors: Racial and Gender Dynamics  51

4. Wealth, Women, and Outdoor Pursuits  83

5. People of Color: Access to and Control of Resources  109

Part III. Wildlife Protection

6. Sport Hunting, Scarcity, and Wildlife Protection  161

7. Blaming Women, Immigrants, and Minorities for Bird Destruction  189

8. Challenging Wildlife Regulations and Understanding the Business-Conservation Connections  224

Part IV. Gender, Wealth, and Forest Conservation

9. Rural Beautification and Forest Conservation: Gender, Class, and Corporate Dynamics  257

10. Preservation, Conservation, and Business Interests Collide  290

11. National Park Preservation, Racism, and Business Relations  328

12. Nation Building, Racial Exclusion, and the Social Construction of Wildlands  350

Conclusion  383

Notes  399

References  407

Index  465

"This book counterbalances previous hagiographic portrayals of conservationists, examining and judging the past from the perspective of modern values but minimizing the contributions of scientists not part of the establishment. Nevertheless, the book should interest historians and naturalists. . . . Recommended. Graduate students, researchers, faculty." — J. S. Schwartz, Choice

"Taylor has produced an extremely helpful book that defines and contextualizes important laws, concepts, social groups, and people who participated, or were alienated by, the rising American conservation movement." — Margaret DePond, Environmental History

"An important addition to the historiography of the American conservation movement. . . . [Taylor's] synthesis of the ideas of the conservation movement, and the depth that she adds with her discussions of race and exclusion, in particular, make this work an important one for an understanding of the environmental history of the United States." — Kimberly A. Jarvis, Journal of Social History

"Taylor accomplishes a transformative feat of scholarship. . . . She has authored a book that challenges the dominant interpretive frameworks of the field of environmental history and deserves a central place in introductory and  ntermediate environmental courses. Just as importantly, she illuminates the overlapping historical roots of our present environmental predicament." — Jennifer Thomson, Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era

“Taylor’s book makes a valuable contribution to the ?eld by opening new areas of inquiry as to how the con?uences of class, race and gender can inform both environmental and social history.” — Nathan Perz, The Americas

"Taylor contributes a quarter of a century of groundbreaking work to environmental studies as a whole creating a work that does not reflect the idealist, transcendental, and romantic approaches to the environment or the utilitarian conservationist approach. Instead, Taylor presents a reasonable, measured argument in the face of ideologically charged social issues." — Anna Kirsch, U.S. Studies Online

"An ambitious book. . . . A useful reference to anyone interested in environmental protection, and particularly its social dimensions, during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries." — Joshua M. Nygren, Agricultural History

"Covers an astonishing range of topics. . . . [M]any of [Taylor's] profiles are fascinating and significant in bringing new characters and elements into the mix of America’s conservation record." — David Havlick, American Historical Review

"A nuanced and intersectional look at the development of conservation discourse and action in the United States. . . . Through a combination of sweeping history and sociological analysis, this book serves as a powerful corrective to the unfortunate tendency toward thinking of and writing about U.S. environmental movements without adequate attention to the race, class, and gender politics that fundamentally shape U.S. conservation. . . . Although this text is conceptually complex and richly detailed, Taylor employs highly readable prose to tell the story of the American conservation movement." — M.B. Bacon, Critical Sociology

"A well-written book. . . . Exceptional both in the manner of presentation and scope." — Nathaniel Umukoro, Ethnic and Racial Studies

"A wide-ranging work, invoking numerous themes and moving in many different directions. . . . A valuable contribution to the field by opening new areas of inquiry as to how the confluences of class, race and gender can inform both environmental and social history." — Nathan Perz, History

"The Rise of the American Conservation Movement shines when women like Sacagawea are described in ways that explode myths of the supposedly inherent connections among masculinity, ruggedness, and wilderness. . . . An excellent overview of the ACM." — Robert Wengronowitz, International Sociology

"This book counterbalances previous hagiographic portrayals of conservationists, examining and judging the past from the perspective of modern values but minimizing the contributions of scientists not part of the establishment. Nevertheless, the book should interest historians and naturalists. . . . Recommended. Graduate students, researchers, faculty." —J. S. Schwartz, Choice

"Taylor has produced an extremely helpful book that defines and contextualizes important laws, concepts, social groups, and people who participated, or were alienated by, the rising American conservation movement." —Margaret DePond, Environmental History

"An important addition to the historiography of the American conservation movement. . . . [Taylor's] synthesis of the ideas of the conservation movement, and the depth that she adds with her discussions of race and exclusion, in particular, make this work an important one for an understanding of the environmental history of the United States." —Kimberly A. Jarvis, Journal of Social History

"Taylor accomplishes a transformative feat of scholarship. . . . She has authored a book that challenges the dominant interpretive frameworks of the field of environmental history and deserves a central place in introductory and  ntermediate environmental courses. Just as importantly, she illuminates the overlapping historical roots of our present environmental predicament." —Jennifer Thomson, Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era

“Taylor’s book makes a valuable contribution to the ?eld by opening new areas of inquiry as to how the con?uences of class, race and gender can inform both environmental and social history.” —Nathan Perz, The Americas

"Taylor contributes a quarter of a century of groundbreaking work to environmental studies as a whole creating a work that does not reflect the idealist, transcendental, and romantic approaches to the environment or the utilitarian conservationist approach. Instead, Taylor presents a reasonable, measured argument in the face of ideologically charged social issues." —Anna Kirsch, U.S. Studies Online

"An ambitious book. . . . A useful reference to anyone interested in environmental protection, and particularly its social dimensions, during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries." —Joshua M. Nygren, Agricultural History

"Covers an astonishing range of topics. . . . [M]any of [Taylor's] profiles are fascinating and significant in bringing new characters and elements into the mix of America’s conservation record." —David Havlick, American Historical Review

"A nuanced and intersectional look at the development of conservation discourse and action in the United States. . . . Through a combination of sweeping history and sociological analysis, this book serves as a powerful corrective to the unfortunate tendency toward thinking of and writing about U.S. environmental movements without adequate attention to the race, class, and gender politics that fundamentally shape U.S. conservation. . . . Although this text is conceptually complex and richly detailed, Taylor employs highly readable prose to tell the story of the American conservation movement." —M.B. Bacon, Critical Sociology

"A well-written book. . . . Exceptional both in the manner of presentation and scope." —Nathaniel Umukoro, Ethnic and Racial Studies

"A wide-ranging work, invoking numerous themes and moving in many different directions. . . . A valuable contribution to the field by opening new areas of inquiry as to how the confluences of class, race and gender can inform both environmental and social history." —Nathan Perz, History

"The Rise of the American Conservation Movement shines when women like Sacagawea are described in ways that explode myths of the supposedly inherent connections among masculinity, ruggedness, and wilderness. . . . An excellent overview of the ACM." —Robert Wengronowitz, International Sociology

"The Rise of the American Conservation Movement is a daunting, ambitious, and comprehensive presentation and analysis of U.S. environmental history like none other. Dorceta E. Taylor amasses a wealth of data, including rich and moving biographies of people across the racial, class, and gender spectrum who played critical roles in shaping environmental thought and action in this country. This book will inspire you to reconsider nearly everything you think you know about environmental history." — David Naguib Pellow, Dehlsen Professor of Environmental Studies, UC Santa Barbara

"Pulling together a quarter-century of groundbreaking work, Dorceta E. Taylor unearths, documents, and examines the disproportionate price that low-income communities and people of color pay for our environmental ills. She lays bare the failings of our government and the environmental community to adequately address the inequities at the heart of widespread environmental injustice. And she shows how we can confront those shortcomings, strengthen the environmental safety net, and improve the quality of our democracy by making this movement look, think, and sound more like the nation it serves." — Rhea Suh, president, the Natural Resources Defense Council

Permission to Photocopy (coursepacks)

If you are requesting permission to photocopy material for classroom use, please contact the Copyright Clearance Center at copyright.com;

If the Copyright Clearance Center cannot grant permission, you may request permission from our Copyrights & Permissions Manager (use Contact Information listed below).

Permission to Reprint

If you are requesting permission to reprint DUP material (journal or book selection) in another book or in any other format, contact our Copyrights & Permissions Manager (use Contact Information listed below).

Images/Art

Many images/art used in material copyrighted by Duke University Press are controlled, not by the Press, but by the owner of the image. Please check the credit line adjacent to the illustration, as well as the front and back matter of the book for a list of credits. You must obtain permission directly from the owner of the image. Occasionally, Duke University Press controls the rights to maps or other drawings. Please direct permission requests for these images to permissions@dukeupress.edu.
For book covers to accompany reviews, please contact the publicity department.

Subsidiary Rights/Foreign Translations

If you're interested in a Duke University Press book for subsidiary rights/translations, please contact permissions@dukeupress.edu. Include the book title/author, rights sought, and estimated print run.

Disability Requests

Instructions for requesting an electronic text on behalf of a student with disabilities are available here.

Rights & Permissions Contact Information

Email: permissions@dukeupress.edu

Email contact for coursepacks: asstpermissions@dukeupress.edu

Fax: 919-688-4574

Mail:
Duke University Press
Rights and Permissions
905 W. Main Street
Suite 18B
Durham, NC 27701

For all requests please include:

1. Author's name. If book has an editor that is different from the article author, include editor's name also.

2. Title of the journal article or book chapter and title of journal or title of book

3. Page numbers (if excerpting, provide specifics)

For coursepacks, please also note: The number of copies requested, the school and professor requesting

For reprints and subsidiary rights, please also note: Your volume title, publication date, publisher, print run, page count, rights sought