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Beyond the Body Proper

Reading the Anthropology of Material Life

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Body, Commodity, Text

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Book

Pages: 704

Published: April 2007

Over the past several decades, scholars in both the social sciences and humanities have moved beyond the idea that there is a “body proper”: a singular, discrete biological organism with an individual psyche. They have begun to perceive embodiment as dynamic rather than static, as experiences that vary over time and across the world as they are shaped by discourses, institutions, practices, technologies, and ideologies. What has emerged is a multiplicity of bodies, inviting a great many disciplinary points of view and modes of interpretation. The forty-seven readings presented in this volume range from classic works of social theory, history, and ethnography to more recent investigations into historical and contemporary modes of embodiment.

Beyond the Body Proper includes nine sections conceptually organized around themes such as everyday life, sex and gender, and science. Each section is preceded by interpretive commentary by the volume’s editors. Within the collection are articles and book excerpts focused on bodies using tools and participating in rituals, on bodies walking and eating, and on the female circumcision controversy, as well as pieces on medical classifications, spirit possession, the commodification of body parts, in vitro fertilization, and an artist/anatomist’s “plastination” of cadavers for display. Materialist, phenomenological, and feminist perspectives on embodiment appear along with writings on interpretations of pain and the changing meanings of sexual intercourse. Essays on these topics and many others challenge Eurocentric assumptions about the body as they speak to each other and to the most influential contemporary trends in the human sciences.

With selections by: Henry Abelove, Walter Benjamin, Janice Boddy, John Boswell, Judith Butler, Caroline Walker Bynum, Stuart Cosgrove, Michel de Certeau, Gilles Deleuze, Alice Domurat Dreger, Barbara Duden, Friedrich Engels, E. E. Evans-Pritchard, Judith Farquhar, Marcel Granet, Felix Guattari, Ian Hacking, Robert Hertz, Patricia Leyland Kaufert, Arthur Kleinman, Shigehisa Kuriyama, Jean Langford, Bruno Latour, Margaret Lock, Emily Martin, Karl Marx, Marcel Mauss, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Nancy K. Miller, Lisa Jean Moore, John D. O’Neil, Aihwa Ong, Mariella Pandolfi, Susan Pedersen, Gregory M. Pflugfelder, Rayna Rapp, Nancy Scheper-Hughes, Kristofer Schipper, Matthew Schmidt, Peter Stallybrass, Michael Taussig, Charis Thompson, E.P. Thompson, Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing, Victor Turner, Terence Turner, Jose van Dijck, Keith Wailoo, Brad Weiss, Allon White

Praise

Beyond the Body Proper. . . is a wonderful collection of ethnographic, philosophical, and historical writings on the body. . . . Lock and Farquhar had an excellent hand in selecting these essays. Beyond the Body Proper makes an ideal companion for undergraduate courses, but it also contains surprises for those who know the field.” - Stefan Ecks, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine

“[E]xpansive and provocative. . . . This volume offers an indispensable resource for scholars and an excellent reader for courses on medical anthropology, anthropology of the body, and social theory.” - Sarah Pinto, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute

“One of the most interesting aspects of the book is its discussion of ‘local biologies.’ The term, used by the editors in the introduction, is the unifying theme of the collection: It refers to how every culture has a different view of the body, a context that is internalized and feels ‘natural’ for the members of that culture. . . . Clinicians will be particularly interested in the last 2 sections.” - Isabelle Leblanc, Canadian Medical Association Journal

“This discerning collection offers a highly creative reading of the development of modern social thought about bodies as means of life in the world. Beyond the Body Proper will be an invaluable classroom companion across a wide range of disciplines in the human sciences.” - Jean Comaroff, Bernard E. and Ellen C. Sunny Distinguished Service Professor, University of Chicago

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Author/Editor Bios

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Margaret Lock is Professor of Anthropology and the Marjorie Bronfman Professor in Social Studies of Medicine at McGill University. Her many books include Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death and Encounters with Aging: Mythologies of Menopause in Japan and North America.

Judith Farquhar is Professor of Anthropology at the University of Chicago. She is the author of Appetites: Food and Sex in Post-Socialist China, also published by Duke University Press, and Knowing Practice: The Clinical Encounter of Chinese Medicine.

Table Of Contents

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Notes on the Format of the Book  ix
Acknowledgments  xi
Introduction / Judith Farquhar and Margaret Lock  1
I. An Emergent Canon, or Putting Bodies on the Scholarly Agenda
Introduction  19
On the Part Played by Labor in the Transition from Ape to Man / Friedrich Engels  25
The Pre-eminence of the Right Hand: A Study in Religious Polarity / Robert Hertz  30
Right and Left in China / Marcel Granet  41
Techniques of the Body / Marcel Mauss  50
Symbols in Ndembu Ritual / Victor Turner  69
The Social Skin / Terence S. Turner  83
II. Philosophical Studies, or Learning How to Think Embodiment
Introduction  107
Opposition of the Materialist and Idealist Outlook / Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels  113
On the Mimetic Faculty / Walter Benjamin  130
from The Phenomenology of Perception / Maurice Merleau-Ponty  133
Making Up People / Ian Hacking  150
from Bodies That Matter / Judith Butler  164
Do You Believe in Reality? / Bruno Latour  176
III. Fundamental Processes, or Denaturalizing the Given
Introduction  187
Time and Space / E. E. Evans-Pritchard  193
Women Mystics and Eucharistic Devotion in the Thirteenth Century / Caroline Walker Bynum  202
On Breath / Kristofer M. Schipper  213
Some Speculations on the History of “Sexual Intercourse” during the “Long Eighteenth Century” in England / Henry Abelove  217
Human Body Parts as Therapeutic Tools: Contradictory Discourses and Transformed Subjectivities / Margaret Lock  224
Meratus Embryology / Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing  232
IV. Everyday Life, or Exploring the Body’s Times and Spaces
Introduction  241
Walking in the City / Michel de Certeau  249
Tactility and Distraction / Michael Taussig  259
The City: The Sewer, the Gaze, and the Contaminating Touch / Peter Stallybrass and Allon White  266
Medicinal Meals / Judith Farquhar  286
Rereading as a Woman: The Body in Practice / Nancy K. Miller  297
V. Colonized Bodies, or Analyzing the Materiality of Domination
Introduction  307
Remembering Amal: On Birth and the British in Northern Sudan / Janice Boddy  315
National Bodies, Unspeakable Acts: The Sexual Politics of Colonial Policy Making / Susan Pedersen  330
The Zoot Suit and Style Warfare / Stuart Cosgrove  347
Cooptation and Control: The Reconstruction of Inuit Birth / Patricia Leyland Kaufert and John D. O’Neil  359
Dosic Bodies/Docile Bodies / Jean Langford  376
VI. Desires and Identities, or Negotiating Sex and Gender
Introduction  383
Men, Beasts, and “Nature” / John Boswell  389
Cartographies of Desire: Male-Male Sexuality in Japanese Discourse / Gregory M. Pflugfelder  400
The Egg and the Sperm: How Science Has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male-Female Roles / Emily Martin  417
We Always Make Love with Worlds / Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari  428
VII. Bodies at the Margin, or Attending to Distress and Difference
Introduction  435
The Woman beneath the Skin: A Doctor’s Patients in Eighteenth-Century Germany / Barbara Duden  443
Memory within the Body: Women’s Narrative and Identity in a Southern Italian Village / Mariella Pandolfi  451
Nervoso / Nancy Scheper-Hughes  459
Somatization: The Interconnections in Chinese Society among Culture, Depressive Experiences, and the Meanings of Pain / Arthur Kleinman and Joan Kleinman  468
Jarring Bodies: Thoughts on the Display of Unusual Anatomies / Alice Domurat Dreger  475
VIII. Capitalist Production, or Accounting the Commodification of Bodily Life
Introduction  489
Time, Work-Discipline, and Industrial Capitalism / E. P. Thompson  495
The Production of Possession: Spirits and the Multinational Corporation in Malaysia / Aihwa Ong  512
Constructing a “Good Catch,” Picking a Winner: The Development of Technosemen and the Deconstruction of the Monolithic Male / Matthew Schmidt and Lisa Jean Moore 550
Alienation of Body Parts and the Biopolitics of Immortalized Cell Lines / Margaret Lock  567
IX. Knowing Systems, or Tracking the Bodies of the Biosciences
Introduction  587
Pulse Diagnosis in the Greek and Chinese Traditions / Shigehisa Kuriyama  595
Real-Time Fetus: The Role of the Sonogram in the Age of Monitored Reproduction / Rayna Rapp  608
Quit Sniveling, Cryo-Baby, We’ll Work Out Which One’s Your Mama! / Charis Thompson  623
Bodyworlds: The Art of Plastinated Cadavers / Jose van Dijck  640
Inventing the Heterozygote: Molecular Biology, Racial Identity, and the Narratives of Sickle-Cell Disease, Tay-Sachs, and Cystic Fibrosis / Keith Wailoo  658
Bibliography  673
Citations for Text Selections  679
Index  685

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Awards

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2008 Most Notable Mention, Edited Collection, Council on Anthropology and Reproduction

Additional Information

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Paper ISBN: 978-0-8223-3845-1 / Hardcover ISBN: 978-0-8223-3830-7 / eISBN: 978-0-8223-8979-8 /

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