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Monetary Authorities

Capitalism and Decolonization in the American Colonial Philippines

Book

Pages: 232

Published: May 2022

In Monetary Authorities Allan E. S. Lumba explores how the United States used monetary policy and banking systems to justify racial and class hierarchies, enforce capitalist exploitation, and counter movements for decolonization in the American colonial Philippines. Lumba shows that colonial economic experts justified American imperial authority by claiming that Filipinos did not possess the racial capacities to properly manage money. Financial independence, then, became a key metric of racial capitalism by which Filipinos had to prove their ability to self-govern. At the same time, the colonial state used its monetary authority to police the economic activities of colonized subjects and to curb movements for decolonization. It later offered a conditional form of decolonization that left the Philippines reliant on U.S. financial institutions. By showing how imperial governance was entwined with the racialization and regulation of monetary systems in the Philippines, Lumba illuminates a key mechanism through which the United States securitized the imperial world order.

Praise

Monetary Authorities is a stringent, riveting account of the important role of currency controls in the expansion of US imperial rule and racial capitalism. Allan E. S. Lumba’s work incisively details how currency stabilization, economic security, financial regulation, and fiscal discipline are key normative instruments of racial subjugation, political pacification, and counter-decolonization. A crucial, powerful intervention reminding us of the politics of everyday transactions at the level of small change.” - Neferti X. M. Tadiar, author of Remaindered Life

“In this innovative and outstanding book, Allan E. S. Lumba tells a dynamic story of the transformation of ideas and practices concerning the organization of the Philippine monetary system in the long transition between colonialism and independence. His granular historical and economic account provides a powerful rejoinder to those histories of US imperialism wherein the imperial peripheries and imperialism’s subjects are merely the backdrop for an exploration of the metropolitan self. Making a signal contribution to discussions of racial capitalism, economics, business and financial history, and American studies Monetary Authorities stands alone.” - Peter James Hudson, author of Bankers and Empire: How Wall Street Colonized the Caribbean

"By digging out various facts from archives and contemporary writings, the author explores persuasively how U.S. authorities tried to utilize Philippine monetary and financial systems not only for economic security but also for surveillance on the population in the colonial Philippines. This innovative approach on colonial history should be further explored in Asian Studies in general, and the Southeast Asian Studies in particular." - Yoshiko Nagano, Diplomatic History

"Given the significance of the topic, Lumba’s book is an important contribution to the scholarly work on Philippine history, economic and business history, and the history of foreign capital and currencies. It gives us a deeper understanding of the economic underpinnings of various Philippine historical epochs and makes us reflect on the lasting impacts of the US colonial project that continues to haunt Philippine society today." - Katherine G. Lacson, Pacific Affairs

"This book would be an excellent addition to seminars that examine US empire in Asia or address the history of money and banking on a global scale. In fact, Lumba’s book shows how we can no longer understand monetary authority and capitalist rule without considering how such authority has been secured by experiments in the colonies." - Allison Truitt, Journal of Asian Studies

“[Monetary Authorities] is a clear-sighted, archivally rich, and erudite account of how imperial logic defined the birth of modern economic thinking in the Philippines and the US.” - Lisandro E. Claudio, Philippine Studies

". . . in chronicling debates on several economic dimensions of the Philippines' experience of the disorienting and capricious forces of late-Spanish and then American imperialism, the book will stimulate readers to explore the materials on which it draws." - Michael Montesano, Sojourn

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Author/Editor Bios

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Allan E. S. Lumba is Assistant Professor of History at Virginia Tech.

Table Of Contents

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Acknowledgments  ix
Introduction: Monetary Authority  1
1. The Wealth of Colonies  12
2. Mongrel Currencies  40
3. Bad Money  67
4. An Orgy of Mismanagement  94
5. Under Common Wealth  119
Conclusion: Decolonization  147
Notes  155
Bibliography  191
Index  207

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Funding Information

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This book is freely available in an open access edition thanks to TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem)—a collaboration of the Association of American Universities, the Association of University Presses, and the Association of Research Libraries—and the generous support of Virginia Tech. Learn more at the TOME website.