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Trust Matters

Parsi Endowments in Mumbai and the Horoscope of a City

Book

Pages: 224

Illustrations: 12 illustrations

Published: December 2023

Author: Leilah Vevaina

Although numbering fewer than 60,000 in a city of more than 12 million people, Mumbai’s Parsi community is one of the largest private landowners in the city due to its network of public charitable trusts. In Trust Matters Leilah Vevaina explores the dynamics and consequences of this conjunction of religion and capital as well as the activities of giving, disputing, living, and dying it enables. As she shows, communal trusts are the legal infrastructure behind formal religious giving and ritual in urban India that influence communal life. Vevaina proposes the trusts as a horoscope of the city—a constellation of housing, temples, and other spaces providing possible futures. She explores the charitable trust as a technology of time, originating in the nineteenth century, one that structures intergenerational obligations for Mumbai’s Parsis, connecting past and present, the worldly and the sacred. By approaching Mumbai through the legal mechanism of the trust and the people who live within its bounds as well as those who challenge or support it, Vevaina offers a new pathway into exploring property, religion, and kinship in the urban global South.

Praise

“This fascinating ethnography’s twinned focus on the charitable trust as a property form and on the Parsi community of Mumbai brings to light the tensions for both in maintaining a perpetual life. If trusts fix property and obligation, Leilah Vevaina shows how their perpetuity strains against community divisions, urban development, and global networks of philanthropic capital. This is a strikingly original and at times surprising book, with implications that stretch beyond Mumbai and toward rethinkings of unlikely modes of capital and forms of wealth that seem ‘forever.’” - Bill Maurer, Professor of Anthropology and Law, University of California, Irvine

“Leilah Vevaina presents a fascinating array of processes, lives, and practices of the Parsi community in Mumbai across legal, spiritual, and material spaces to illuminate the dynamic workings of the public charitable trusts it operates throughout the city. This book makes important contributions to theoretical discussions in anthropology, law, and South Asian studies.” - Ritu Birla, author of Stages of Capital: Law, Culture, and Market Governance in Late Colonial India

"It is not simply Vevaina’s methodology that makes Trust Matters a formative work of scholarship. From the first pages of her text, she models a socially accountable ethnographic approach. . . . Trust Matters offers scholars of religion an innovative account of the 'persistent instruments' of capital that shape our spaces as well as an ethically responsible example of its production (174)." - Lisa Beyeler-Yvarra, Reading Religion

"Trust Matters captures the essence of how research comes alive through ethnographic fieldwork. Leilah Vevaina beautifully encapsulates details from her interviews, conversations, experiences, and observations in and around Bombay city, the Parsi community, and the courts." - Rahela Khorakiwala, Journal of Anthropological Research

"Trust Matters is a well-researched ethnographic study on Parsi charitable trusts and their decisive influence on the urban topography of Bombay/Mumbai. This book, highly useful for understanding the larger implications of the relationship between faith and the economy, is a timely contribution to the underexplored theme of religious charity in anthropology and sociology, with the potential to inspire and guide future research in this area." - E. K. Muhammed, Contemporary South Asia

"Trust Matters is a truly fascinating book for it proves to be a canonical example of how relevant contemporary ethnography is. In a landscape of a dense ethnographic repertoire, Vevaina shows how maneuvering across anthropological canons can unravel an object of inquiry not touched within the palimpsestic view of the city. . . . This ethnography of a people and their properties in a subjunctive temporal sense of what is a good relation with assets will appeal to scholars across disciplines interested in anthropology of religion, urban space, law and Parsi life in India." - Arman Hasan, South Asian Review

"Trust Matters provides an excellent ethnographic window on a crucial historical thread of colonial and post-colonial Mumbai. It is a welcome contribution for students and scholars familiar with legal anthropology, but it is also broadly accessible to a more generic anthropological readership." - Roberto Rizzo, Social Anthropology

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Author/Editor Bios

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Leilah Vevaina is Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

Table Of Contents

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Acknowledgments  ix
Introduction: Inheritances  1
1. In Perpetuity: The Trust and Timely Obligations  27
2. Presents and Futures: The Trust and Obligation’s Asymmetries  52
3. No House, No Spouse: The Bombay Parsi Punchayet  75
4. The Beneficiary, the Law, and Sacred Space  105
5. From Excarnation to Ashes: Trust to Trust  128
6. Awakening the “Dead Hand”: Liquid and Solid Properties  146
Conclusion: An Unsettled (E)state  167
Notes  175
References  185
Index  201

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Additional Information

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Paper ISBN: 978-1-4780-2539-9 / Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-4780-2057-8 / eISBN: 978-1-4780-2751-5 / DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478027515